Download Ch. 21

Ch. 21 What Is a Plant?
21.1 Adapting to Life on Land
A. Origins of Plants – A plant is a ______________________________________________________
that can produce glucose (food) through photosynthesis. They contain cell walls made of
_______________________.
1. _______________________ – a
waxy waterproof coating of stems and leaves
that prevents water loss
B. Adaptations in Plants
1. Preventing water loss – Many land
plants are covered with waxes and oils that
prevent water loss
2. Leaves carry out photosynthesis
a. __________________ – a
broad, or flat structure of a plant that traps light energy for
photosynthesis (contain chloroplasts)
3. Putting down roots
a. ___________– a plant organ (“anchor”) that
absorbs water and minerals from the soil and transports those
nutrients to the stem (ex: some are food: carrots, radish…)
4. Transporting materials
a. _________ – provides structural support for
upright growth and contains tissues for transporting water and
food
b. ____________ ___________ - long,
tubelike cells that transport water, food and minerals in
“vascular plants”
c. ____________ ___________ – do not have
vascular tissue (ex: mosses, hornworts, and liverworts
5. Reproductive strategies – some plants reproduce with
seeds. _______________________ use sperm that swim
through water to get to the egg
a. _______________________ – contains an
embryo, along with a food supply, covered by a protective coat
that protects the embryo
6. Alternation of Generations – the lives of all plants consist of two generations:
_______________________ (N) and _______________________ (2N)
21.2 Survey of the Plant Kingdom
A. Phylogeny of Plants – Biologists classify plants into 12 ____________________ (similar to phylums)
B. Non-seed Plants – there are seven divisions of non-seed plants, 3 are non-vascular which rely on
osmosis and diffusion for transporting water and nutrients.
NON-SEED, NON-VASCULAR PLANTS
1. Division _________________
2. Division _________________
3. Division ____________
common name: liverworts – have common name: hornworts –
common name: mosses –
flattened bodies that look like an
sporophytes resemble the horns of low growing plant. Nonanimal’s liver. Non-vascular.
an animal. Non-vascular.
vascular.
NON-SEED, VASCULAR PLANTS
4. Division _________________ , 5. Division ________________ 6. Division ______________
common name: whisk ferns –
common name: club mosses –
,common name: horsetails –
Vascular plant with no roots or
Vascular plant with stems roots Vascular plant with scalelike
leaves
and leaves.
leaves.
7. Division _________________
, common name: ferns – Vascular plant mostly
grown in tropics
a. _________________ – in ferns, large,
complex leaves that grow upward from the
rhizome; often attached to pinnae that are
attached to a central stipe.
C. SEED, VASCULAR PLANTS
8. Division _________________
, common name: cycads – palmlike trees with scaly
trunks. Produce male and female cones.
a. _________________ – scaly structures that support
male or female reproductive structures. Seeds are
produced in female cones, male cones produce pollen.
9. Division _____________
10. Division ______________
common name: climbing
___common name: ginkgo –
vines
only 1 species exists, has fanshaped leaves
12. Division _________________
common name: flowering plants – produce
flowers and seeds enclosed in a fruit
11. Division _________________,
common name: conifers (pine, fir,
cypress, redwood…) – produce seeds in
cones, contain needlelike leaves.