Download Spring 2013 French Intermediate II Prof. Karen Santos Da Silva

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Spring 2013
French Intermediate II
Prof. Karen Santos Da Silva
Review Sheet
Les Pronoms:
Pronoms Objet Direct
Objet Indirect
Pronoms Disjoints
Pronoms Doubles, “Y” and “En.”
I.
Table of Personal Pronouns
Subject
Reflexive
Direct Indirect
Prepositional (Stress, Disjunctive, Toniques)
Je
me
me
me
moi
Tu
te
te
te
toi
Il
se
le
lui
lui
Elle
se
la
lui
elle
Nous
nous
nous
nous
nous
Vous
vous
vous
vous
vous
Ils
se
les
leur
eux
Elles
se
les
leur
elles
II.
Direct Object Pronouns: (me (me), te (you), le/la (him/her/it), nous (us), vous (you), les/les
(them))
1. Basic Rule: The Direct Object Pronoun replaces the person or thing that serves as a
complement to the verb and is connected directly to the verb, WITHOUT a preposition.
Those are the people or things that receive an action from the verb. To find your COD,
think of it this way---Answers the following Questions: WHO? WHAT?
Ex.: Je vois Paul---Je le vois
Je vois QUI? –Paul. Paul is your COD and can thus be replaced by its corresponding
pronoun—masculin/singulier “le”
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2.
Where to place the direct object pronoun? :
a. BEFORE the conjugated verb
b. When a verb is followed by an infinitive, BEFORE the infinitive:
Ex : Tu peux conduire Cécile en ville?—Non, je ne peux pas la conduire.
c. In compound tenses, BEFORE the auxiliary. NOTE that because the Direct Object
Pronoun is placed BEFORE the auxiliary, this means that the COD is now placed
BEFORE the auxiliary, which does engender an AGREEMENT in gender and
number in the Past Participle.
Ex.: Où as-tu mis les letters? (HERE, the COD is after the verb, thus NO accord). Now, let’s use a Direct
Object Pronoun: Je les ai mises sur la table
3. THINGS to THINK about when confronted with the Direct Object pronoun….:
a. Singular object pronoun (me, te, le, la) become m’, t’, and l’ before a word beginning
with a vowel.
b. In a negative sentence, the “ne” comes before the object pronoun, the “pas” is in its
usual position after the verb.
II.
Indirect Object Pronouns: (me (me), te (you), lui (him/her), nous (us), vous (you), leur
(them))
1. FIRST STEP: Some Verbs in French Take Indirect Objects and their Preposition “à”
indicating the arrival of an …indirect object often does…. NOT translate into
English….so do LEARN the Verbs….p. 198.
2. Spot them….Ask the Following Question: TO/FOR WHOM? Or WHAT?
A General Rule: Indirect Objects are preceded by a preposition…most often “à” or
“pour.” IMPORTANT POINT: Indirect Object Pronoun replaces a person or an animate
noun (person or animal) NOT a thing! When it is an indirect object that happens to be a
thing….THINK Adverbial Pronouns “Y.”
Ex.: Pay attention to him-- Fais attention à lui.
Pay attention to the step / Pay attention to it—Fais-y attention.
3. WHERE to place them…SAME rules as DIRECT Object Pronouns apply.
Ex.: Il obéit à ses parents. Say we want to replace the COI…indeed, we spotted a preposition…now, to
confirm, we ask “to/for whom? Or what? Il obéit à qui? à ses parents is our COI. It is masculine and
plural—our pronoun object indirect is thus “leur”
Il leur obéit.
When in compound verbs, even if your object is placed before the auxiliary, there is NO accord, because
it is an Indirect Object NOT a Direct Object.
4. Where it gets tricky: Some Verbs DO NOT allow a Preceding Indirect Object
Pronoun, so we go with an alternative. Our alternative is to keep the preposition and
to add a “stressed” pronoun also known as “disjunctive” or “pronoms toniques”
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Learn these Verbs and think of it this way: With the following verbs, Grammar
takes control even if “under stress” with a “tonic attitude!”
Those stressful verbs….that won’t allow a preceding Indirect Object:
en appeler à
to appeal to, address
avoir affaire à
to have to deal with
avoir recours à
to have recourse to
croire à
être à
to believe in
to belong to
faire allusion à
faire appel à
to allude to
to appeal to, address
faire attention à
s'habituer à
penser à
to pay attention to
to get used to
to think of, about
recourir à
to have recourse to
renoncer à
to give up, renounce
revenir à
rêver à
songer à
to come back to
to dream of
to think, dream of
tenir à
to be fond of, care about
venir à
to come to
Note: One way to think of it is that verbs of communication take regular indirect object
pronouns. Other verbs (that are not verbs of communication) usually take stress pronouns.
Let’s see how that works. Ex.: Je pense à mes parents. COI is à mes parents Masculin Pluriel.
Our Indirect Object pronoun is thus “leur”------BUT the Verb is “penser à” –A VERB that
DOES NOT Allow the Indirect Object pronoun to do its job at its place before the verb. So we
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cannot say “Je leur pense” BUT we KNOW an alternative. KEEP the preposition and ADD a
“stressed pronoun”
Je pense à eux.
OTHER Restrictions on the Use of Object Pronouns:
1. Me, te, nous, vous, lui, leur (all referring to animate nouns) cannot follow a reflexive
pronoun. Here, we also use the preposition à+ disjunctive pronoun. Ex.: Se fier. Je me
fie à ce docteur. Je me fie à lui. If the noun is inanimate, use “y.”
2. “En” cannot replace de+animate noun when ‘de” is part of a verbal expression---“avoir
peur de” or “s’approcher de” Instead, use a disjunctive pronoun after “de.”
Ex : Nous nous approchons de la ville. Nous nous en approchons. BUT Nous nous approchons
de notre frère. Nous nous approchons de lui.
III.
“Y” and “En”…..Adverbial Pronouns…..Keep them in the back of your
mind….because they will come in handy when we Indirect and Direct Object
Pronouns are NOT an option.
And that’s when…? :
Y: First construction to remember “Il y a” (There is)
Other uses:
a. Replaces prepositional sentences of location—signal prepositions are the
following: (à, en, dans, sur, sous, devant, derrière) NEVER “de”
b. Will stand for the Indirect Object pronoun when that object is not a person or an
animal.
Ex.: Elle répond à la lettre. NOT Elle lui répond BUT Elle y répond.
c. When “y” replaces a phrase telling the name of a place, think “there.”
d. When “y” stands for a thing or an idea and follows a verb that requires “à” think
“it” or “them” ex.: Il obéit aux lois—Il y obéit (translation: He obeys the laws. He
obeys them)
EN: replaces a prepositional phrase introduced by “de.” Can be translated as “of it,”
“of them,” from it,” from them,” “from there,” “some” or “any.”
“De” introduces different kind of sentences.
a. In a prepositional sense: Nous venons de New york. Nous en venons.
We come from New York. We come from there.
b. Partitive sense: J’ai du pain. J’en ai.
I have some bread. I have some.
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c. With expressions followed by “de”: Elle parle de ce livre. Elle en parle.
She speaks about this book. She speaks about it.
d. Expressions of quantity: Elle a plusieurs CD. Elle en a plusieurs.
She has several CDs. She has several (of them).
IV.
Les Pronoms Disjoints: Moi, toi, lui/elle, nous, vous, eux/elles
1. WHEN to use them…:
a. To emphasize a noun or a pronoun that is used as a subject or as an object, or
to replace a noun that is used as a subject or as an object. Unlike a subject or
an object, however a disjunctive pronoun can also stand alone.
Ex.: Moi, je parle le Français. I do speak French. Emphasis on “I”
Qui fait la cuisine ici? Moi. Pas eux. Me. Not them.
b. Use after “c’est” and “ce sont.”
c. After a preposition: Elle parle de lui. She speaks about him.
Nous partons avec elles. We are going with them.
(Remember than when the object of a preposition is a thing rather than a person, you
will use “y” or “en.”) Je pense aux examens. J’y pense. Je parle de mon voyage. J’en
parle.
d. Use after “ne….que” (only): Elle n’aime que lui.
e. After a comparison: Elle est plus gentille que lui.
f. In combination with “même”: moi-même (myself) Je le ferai moi-même. I will do it
myself. NOTE that “soi” is used when the subject is general: on, chacun, nul,
personne. Chacun pour soi.
V.
Pronoms Doubles:
Me
Te
Se
Nous
vous
VI.
le
BEFORE la
les
Lui
BEFORE
Leur
BEFORE y BEFORE en
Affirmative Commands:
1. In affirmative commands (Verbe à l’impératif), the pronouns follow the verb and are
attached to it and to each other with a hyphen. Le, la, les precede me, te, nous, vous, lui
and leur. All precede y and y precedes en.
Ex.: Donne le jouet au bébé! Donne-le-lui!
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NOTE: me becomes moi and te becomes toi. Moi+en=m’en and Toi+en=t’en
Donne-la-moi! BUT Donnez-m’en
Achète-le-toi! BUT Achète-t’en!
NOTE: all commands that end in a vowel add “s” whe followed by the pronouns “y” or
“en”
Ex : Donne du pain. Donnes-en.
Va au parc. Vas-y.
NOTE: “y” is replaced by “là” or “là-bas” only after me/moi, te/toi, le, la and provided
that “y” refers to a place.
Ex : Tu vas aller à l’opéra? Oui, rejoins-moi “là-bas”