* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Explanation Object Pronouns (complements)
Ukrainian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Norse morphology wikipedia , lookup
American Sign Language grammar wikipedia , lookup
Macedonian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Irish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ojibwe grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lexical semantics wikipedia , lookup
Navajo grammar wikipedia , lookup
Arabic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lithuanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Esperanto grammar wikipedia , lookup
Udmurt grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Hebrew grammar wikipedia , lookup
French grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
English clause syntax wikipedia , lookup
Georgian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Scottish Gaelic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Malay grammar wikipedia , lookup
Chinese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Hungarian verbs wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Italian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Kannada grammar wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Serbo-Croatian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Turkish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Latin syntax wikipedia , lookup
Icelandic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Polish grammar wikipedia , lookup
English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Dutch grammar wikipedia , lookup
Explanation Object Pronouns (complements) Direct Object Pronouns Me= me Te= you (familiar) Se= himself, herself, itself, themselves Nous= us Vous= you (formal and plural) le= him, it la= her,it l’ before a vowel l’ before a vowel les= them Samples- Jean lit le livre. Jean le lit. Pierre regarde les enfants. Pierre les regarde. Nous lisons l’histoire. Nous la lisons. Je préfère cette musique. Je la préfère. Indirect Object Pronouns Me= à moi = me or to me Te= à toi= you or to you ( singular.familiar) lui= à + one person or “living/running” thing= to him or to her leur= à + more than one person or “living/running” thing = to them Se= to himself/herself, to each other, to themselves Nous= à nous= us or to us/each other Vous= à vous you or to you ( formal or plural)/each other Samples- Je parle à Jean-Pierre. Je lui parle. Nous donnons la lettre aux filles. Nous leur donnons la lettre. *Easy identification of indirect objects in French because the indirect objects are preceded by the preposition à **Contrary to English the following verbs always take a direct object- écouter, payer, regarder, chercher, demander, attendre. The reason here is that the preposition is included in the verb meaning. And the following verbs always take an indirect object répondre, obéir, désobéir… The reason is they always have an à with them! You may think it does not matter if the pronoun object is direct or indirect, but it does because the past participle of a compound tense verb AGREES in number in gender with direct objects before the verb but NOT with indirect objects! Pronoun Y *Replaces a prepositional phrase introduced by any preposition other than de when the noun object of the phrase is a THING or a place is implied. Y= there, in/at/to it/them (ideas or things) Samples- Il entre dans la salle de classe. Il y entre. Je réponds à ta lettre. J’y réponds. Pronoun En *Replaces a prepositional phrase introduced by de or the partitive article de la, du, des, de l’ and its noun and descriptors. Samples- Use in a prepositional sense. Nous venons de New York. Nous en venons. Use in a partitive sense. J’ ai du pain. J’en ai. Use with expressions followed by de. Elle parle de son livre. Elle en parle. Use with expressions of amount. Elle a beaucoup d’argent. Elle en a beaucoup. Also, use this pronoun after numbers or amounts if you don’t have de but you mean of them= ex. Il a dix livres. Il en a dix. Tu as plusieurs livres. Tu en as plusieurs. Explanation Placement of Object Pronouns Personal object pronouns are placed immediately BEFORE the verb they come after in English ! Remember that a past participle is never alone, so the placement is before the helping verb! Exception- The rule does NOT apply in affirmative commands!!! Object pronouns can Never be separated from the verb and should sit immediately in front of the verb. Therefore, the negative word ne must back up to accommodate the object pronouns! Je ne regarde pas la jolie fille blonde! Ils n’ont pas trouvé la bonne réponse. below. Je ne la regarde pas ! Ils ne l’ont pas trouvée. See agreement note *If a direct object pronoun precedes a French verb in any compound tense (auxiliary or helping verb) + a past participle) the participle agrees in number and gender with the preceding direct object. Nous avons reçu les coups de téléphone. Nous les avons reçus. More than one object to be replaced ? The complements remain before the verb, but the French observe a precise order. Memorize: Me le lui y en Te la leur Se les Nous Vous The placement and order for pronouns changes for affirmative commands only and exactly matches the English equivalent. This will covered in a separate note page.