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French 322 – Guide d’étude (study guide)
Préparation pour l’examen – Unités (Units) 8, 9, 10
mercredi le 21 janvier 2015
Les élèves de Français 322,
Voici un guide pour vous préparer pour l’examen. Pour chaque unité
de C’est à toi ! Level 1, je vous explique les sujets qui sont à l’examen.
Il est très important d’étudier chaque jour avant l’examen.
Here is a guide to prepare you for the exam. For each unit of C’est à
toi! Level 1, I am explaining to you the topics that will be on the exam.
It is very important to study each day before the day of the exam.
Unité 8: On fait les courses. pp. 262-295
Leçon A : 262-273
Vocabulaire. You are responsible for the vocabulary of les
légumes (p. 262).
Structures. You are responsible for the irregular verbs VOULOIR
and POUVOIR. (p. 267-268), and for demonstrative adjectives (p.
270). Here are the conjugations for VOULOIR and POUVOIR:
Je veux
Tu veux
Il/elle/on veut
Nous voulons
Vous voulez
Ils/elles veulent
Je peux
Tu peux
Il/elle/on peut
Nous pouvons
Vous pouvez
Ils/elles peuvent
Note that for both verbs, the je/tu/il/elle/on/ils/elles forms have the
vowel combination eu, whereas the nous/vous forms have ou.
Je veux aller au ciné.
Tu ne peux pas. Tu as tes devoirs.
Vous voulez faire du vélo ?
Nous ne pouvons pas. Nous sommes malades.
Demonstrative Adjectives. These are used to talk about something
or someone in a particular location that has been identified. It’s as
though the something or someone is being pointed to.
Ce jambon [masc] coûte 8,33 €.
Cette tomate [fem] coûte 0,59 €.
Cet oignon [masc starting with vowel] coûte 1,55 €.
Ces haricots verts [pl] coûtent 2,40 €.
J’achete cette chemise.
Elle choisit cet anorak.
Nous voulons ce blouson.
Vous achetez ces chaussures ?
Leçon B : 274-285
Vocabulaire. You are responsible for the vocabulary of food and
specialty stores (pp. 274). You need to know what foods can be found
in which type of store. For example, you would find le pain in une
boulangerie, le boeuf in une boucherie, and la confiture in un
supermarché. You also need to know expressions of quantity, both
general (beaucoup de, assez de) and specific (une tranche de, un kilo
de).
Structures. You are responsible for le partitif (pp. 279-282), as
well as the grammatical aspect of expressions of quantity (pp. 283).
Le partitif. When we want to describe a food that can’t be
counted, for example, sugar, flour or water, we use le partitif to connote
the idea of some or any. Here are the different forms:
Je prends du sucre. (masc)
Il mange de la farine. (fem)
Nous buvons de l’eau. (before a vowel)
We use the form des when we are talking about things in the
plural that can be counted but which have not been specifically
identified.
Nous achetons des haricots verts.
There are three verbs that take le, la, l’ or les rather than le partitif.
These verbs are AIMER, ADORER and PREFERER. These are regular
–er verbs; PREFERER has an accent change in the
je/tu/il/elle/on/ils/elles forms: the second e changes from accent aigu to
accent grave. The nous/vous forms retain the accent aigu for the second
e. Je préfère; tu préfères; il/elle/on préfère; ils/elles préfèrent. But nous
préférons; vous préférez.
J’aime le sucre.
J’adore les carottes mais je préfère l’aubergine.
When we negate a sentence with ne … pas, all forms of le partitif
become de (d’).
Nous n’avons pas de beurre.
Elles ne boivent pas d’eau minerale.
Vous n’achetez pas de pommes de terre.
When we use an expression of quantity, whether a general
expression or a specific one, the form de (d’) is always used,
regardless of gender (masc/fem), and whether the food term is
singular or plural.
Tu manges un peu de soupe?
Ils achètent deux kilos de carottes.
Vous prenez trop de sucre !
Nous choisissons une bouteille d’eau minérale.
Leçon C : 289-293
Vocabulaire. You are responsible for the vocabulary of les fruits.
(P. 289)
Structures. You are responsible for the comparative of
adjectives: plus … que; moins … que; and aussi … que. (P. 293)
The word order in a sentence with one of these comparative forms
is as follows:
Noun#1
+
Verb + Comparative + Adjective + Que + Noun#2
Cette pomme est plus grande que cette pêche.
Ces oignons sont moins chers que ces champignons.
Le maïs est aussi cher que l’aubergine.
Note : The adjective will agree in gender/ number with noun #1.
Unité 9: A la maison. pp. 308-337
Leçon A : 308-317
Vocabulaire. You are responsible for the vocabulary of rooms in
a house, apartment buildings, and furnishings/appliances. (PP.
308-309)
Structures. You are responsible for de + plural adjectives. (P.
315) When we are using un or une along with an adjective to
describe a noun in the singular, we do so as follows:
J’ai un chat gentil.
J’ai une nièce optimiste.
In both sentences, the adjective comes after the noun.
Vous avez un joli chien.
Elle a une nouvelle voiture.
In these sentences, the adjective comes before the noun.
Each of these adjectives is one of the BAGS adjectives.
(Beauty
Age
Goodness
Size)
Now let’s see what happens when we put each set of
nouns/adjectives into the plural. In each sentence, we would expect un
or une to become des, but this will not be so in the sentences with the
BAGS adjectives.
J’ai des chats gentils.
J’ai des nièces optimistes.
With these after the noun adjectives, we will get des as
expected.
Vous avez de jolis chiens.
Elle a de nouvelles voitures.
But with these BAGS adjectives, des will become de.
Leçon B: 318-326
Vocabulaire. You are responsible for the vocabulary of parts of a
house. (P. 318)
Structures. You are responsible for the irregular verb PRENDRE
(P. 322); and l’impératif (p. 324).
PRENDRE means “to take,” but it can be used in the sense of
eating or drinking. Here is its conjugation. The je/tu/il/elle/on forms act
like those of a regular –re verb, but the nous/vous/ils/elles forms do not.
All three plural forms lose the d, and the ils/elles form doubles the n.
Je prends
Tu prends
Il/elle/on prend
Nous prenons
Vous prenez
Ils/elles prennent
Je prends une omelette au jambon.
On prend un café ce soir ?
Nous prenons une pizza.
L’impératif is used to command a person or people to do
something, or to suggest that two or more people do something.
L’impératif has three forms: tu and nous to command; and nous to
suggest/invite. Each form is written exactly as it would be in the
présent, with the exception of the tu form of a regular –er verb; here, the
final s is dropped. For all three forms regardless of the verb, the subject
(tu, or vous, or nous) is not mentioned. An exclamation mark (!)
typically appears at the end of the sentence. Here are some examples:
Etudie [no s] pour l’examen!
Etudiez le guide d’étude!
Etudions à Starbucks!
[regular –er verb]
Choisis un film!
Choisissez une robe!
Choisissons un restaurant!
[regular –ir verb]
Attends ton frère!
Attendez le train!
Attendons Luc!
[regular –re verb]
Leçon C: 331-337
Vocabulaire. You are responsible for the vocabulary of le
couvert, as well as the names of the daily meals and the time that they
are typically taken in France. (P. 331)
Structures. You are responsible for the irregular verb METTRE.
(P. 335) METTRE means “to put, to put on, to set,” and it can be used
in the context of placing dinnerware (plates, utensils, glasses) on the
dining table. Here is the conjugation:
Je mets
Tu mets
Il/elle/on met
Nous mettons
Vous mettez
Ils/elles mettent
Note that in the singular forms there is one t, whereas in the
plural forms, there is a double t.
Tu mets les fourchettes à gauche des assiettes.
Vous mettez les cuillers au-dessus des assiettes.
En France, on met les fourchettes sense dessus dessous.
Unité 10 : La santé
pp. 346-361
You are only responsible for Leçons A et B.
Leçon A: 346-352
Vocabulaire. You are responsible for the vocabulary of le corps.
(P. 346)
Structures. You are responsible for the irregular verb FALLOIR.
(P. 350) This verb means “to be necessary.” The only form of the
verb that is used is il faut, which means “it is necessary.” The two
basic constructions are: il faut + a second verb (in the infinitive);
and il faut + a noun. In both constructions, il faut can also be used
in the negative form of il ne faut pas. Here are the different
possibilities:
Il faut aller à l’école aujourd’hui.
It is necessary to go to school today.
Il ne faut pas être impoli envers les autres.
One must not (should not) be impolite toward others.
[In this form, we might have expected the meaning to be “it
is not necessary,” but the actual meaning is somewhat
different.]
Il faut une raquette pour jouer au tennis.
One needs a racquet to play tennis.
Il ne faut pas du fromage pour faire une omelette.
One doesn’t need cheese to make an omelet.
Leçon B: 353-361
Vocabulaire. You are responsible for the vocabulary of la figure
and the affirmative/ negative pairs quelqu’un/personne
(someone/no one); souvent/jamais (often/never); quelque
chose/rien (something/nothing); and toujours/plus (still/no
longer) (P. 353)
Structures. You are responsible for verbs + infinitives (p. 357)
(you will find on p. 357 a list of verbs that fit this pattern); and
negative expressions (p. 359) using the affirmative/negative pair
vocabulary from p. 353.
Verbs + infinitives. There are a group of verbs that often take a
second verb (in the infinitive). You have already been introduced
to some of them. Here are some examples:
Nous voulons [from vouloir] visiter Montréal.
Elle va [from aller] étudier l’italien.
Tu aimes [from aimer] écouter du jazz,
mais tu préfères [from préférer] écouter de l’opéra.
Negative expressions. For each affirmative expression, there is a
corresponding negative expression: The negative ones work just
like the basic ne … pas. The only difference is that pas is replaced
by either jamais, plus, personne, or rien.
Je prends souvent/toujours le train.
I often/always take the train.
Je ne prends jamais le train.
I never take the train.
Elle joue toujours au basket.
She still plays basketball.
Elle ne joue plus au basket.
She no longer plays basketball.
Il y a quelqu’un dans le bureau.
There’s someone in the office.
Il n’y a personne dans le bureau.
There’s no one in the office.
Tu as quelque chose dans ton sac à dos.
You have something in your knapsack.
Tu n’as rien dans ton sac à dos.
You have nothing in your knapsack.
Note: You will recall that if pas is followed by un/une/du/de
la/de l’/des, each of these changes to de (d’), unless the verb
in the sentence is être.
J’ai de la confiture.
Je n’ai pas de confiture.
This same rule applies with jamais and plus.
Elle a toujours un vélo.
Elle n’a plus de vélo.
Ils mangent souvent des pommes.
Ils ne mangent jamais de pommes.