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STRATEGIES FOR TEST PREPARATION
Strategies
CONSTRUCTED
RESPONSE
SCIENCE SAMPLE
Constructed-response
questions focus on
an exhibit, such as
a passage, diagram,
table, graph, or
timeline. Instead of
picking one answer
from a set of choices,
you write a short
response. Sometimes,
you can find the answer
in the exhibit. Other
times, you will use
what you already know
about a subject to
answer the question.
World Time Zones
$ Write your answers.
You don’t need
to use complete
sentences unless the
directions say so.
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9 +10 +11 +12
New York
City
Tokyo
Pacific
Ocean
Pacific
Ocean
International Date Line
Los Angeles
Prime Meridian
International Date Line
Anchorage
N
E
W
S
Source: The World Book Encyclopedia, 2003
1.
@ Study the exhibit.
# Read the questions
carefully. Study the
exhibit again to find
the answers.
-9
Suppose you are traveling across the Pacific Ocean
from Los Angeles to Tokyo. Just before you cross the
International Date Line, it is Saturday. What day will
it be after you cross the date line?
@
The map
shows Earth’s
time zones.
$ Sunday
2.
If it is 12:00 P.M. in New York City, what time is it in Anchorage?
8:00 P.M.
3.
Why do you think the world is divided into different
time zones?
The Sun rises at different times in different areas in the
world. Time zones ensure that times in a particular area
are appropriate for the position of the Sun in that area.
Copyright © by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company
! Read the title of
the exhibit to
get an idea of what
it is about.
-12 -11 -10
! Title
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STRATEGIES FOR TEST PREPARATION
Practice
SCIENCE SAMPLE
Directions: Use the information and the diagram provided to answer the questions.
Punnett Squares
A Punnett square is a diagram that shows all the possible combinations of inherited characteristics
that offspring can have based on the genetic makeup, or genotype, of their parents. Punnett squares
also show the phenotype, or genetically determined and observable appearance of offspring, such
as eye color and hair color.
When making a Punnett square, the first step is to determine the genotypes of the parents.
Suppose, for example, that one parent has one gene for long eyelashes (E) and one gene for short
eyelashes (e) and the other parent has two genes for short eyelashes (e). Upper case letters are
used for dominant genes and lower case letters are used for recessive genes. To have a phenotype
that is recessive, offspring must have two recessive genes. If only one of the genes is recessive,
the offspring’s phenotype will reflect the dominant gene.
To complete the Punnett square, the genotype letters of the first parent are separated and put on
the left outside the rows of a square containing four smaller squares. Then, the genotype letters
of the second parent are split and are put above each of the two columns of the same square. To
determine the possible genotypes of the offspring, fill in each square using the letter next to the
row and the letter above the column as shown in the Punnett square below.
Copyright © by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company
e e
E Ee Ee
e ee ee
1.
What possible genotype and phenotype combinations of the offspring does the Punnett
square show?
2.
Make a Punnett square that shows the possible genotypes of the offspring of one parent
who has two genes for long eyelashes (EE) and another parent who has two genes for short
eyelashes (ee). What possible genotype and phenotype combinations of the offspring does
the Punnett square show?
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STRATEGIES FOR TEST PREPARATION
Practice
SCIENCE SAMPLE
Directions:
Use the passage to answer the questions below.
Water and Ionization
1.
What is an electrolyte?
2.
What occurs during dissociation?
3.
Sugar dissolves in water, but it does not conduct electricity. What does this tell you about sugar?
Copyright © by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company
Water can conduct electricity only when it contains an ionic compound that has dissolved. When
an ionic compound such as salt is dissolved in water, its positive and negative ions separate from
each other. This process is called dissociation. An ionic compound that dissociates is called an
electrolyte. Electrolytes are conductors of electricity. Both sodium chloride and hydrogen chloride
are electrolytes.
16 STRATEGIES FOR TEST PREPARATION
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