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Download Bangladesh Experience Mohammad Abdul Qayyum 1
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1 Integration of CCA and DRR into Development : Bangladesh Experience Mohammad Abdul Qayyum National Project Director CDMP II Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief Bangladesh’ Context ∗ Bangladesh remains to be one of the world’s poorest countries, but also the most resilient! ∗ Left unaddressed, climate change will increase and intensify Bangladesh’s disaster risks: ∗ Frequency and intensity of hazards such as flood, drought, salinity, cyclone, tidal surge, sea level rise etc. ∗ Which will affect: ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ (i) Food Security; (ii) Increased Vector Borne Diseases; (iii) increased Infrastructural Damage and (iv) Degradation of Natural Resources, Upon which livelihood is dependent. 2 Issue 1: Perspective gap “Conventional development perspectives are not intuitively receptive to DRR&CCA” Perspectives Sustainable Development Espouses: Meanwhile, DRR & CCA are leaning more towards Priorities Vision Local risk Approach Top down Bottom up Scope Macro Localized Time span Long term Short-Mid–Long term Premium Econ Growth Reduced Risks 3 Issue 2: Coordination gap Long Term Vision Medium Term Plan 4 Finance Division Internal Resources Division Bdesh Bureau of Statistics PLANNING COMMISSION Bangladesh Bank Planning Divisions Issues : •Inter-sectoral coordination gaps •Two separate ministries for DRR and CCA •Prominent power dynamics at national and local level allocations based on size of population and area Line Ministries / Divisions Economic Relations Divisions Development Partners Implementing Agencies Sub-Implementing Agencies (Contractors) Communities Ultimately: Not sensitive to local disaster and climate risks Issue 3: Institutional Gap POLICY PLANNING i. Determination of Goals, objectives, priorities and strategies and policy measure SECTORAL PLANNING ii. Identification of the required role sectors to play in the context of goal and objectives PROGRAMME PLANNING iii. Formulation of detailed sectoral programmes PROJECT PLANNING iv. Preparation of projects embodying investment decisions PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING EVALUATION AGENCY/ IMED IMED v. Institution of appropriate management apparatus for supervision and efficient completion of projects vi. Review of effects of project, programmes and plans 5 And thus the rationale for Integration Development means Wellbeing of Society, Economy, & Environment Climate Change and Disasters challenge development gains and future goals In order to be sustainable development must be resilient Integrating Disaster and Climate Risks, is thus a necessity, towards sustainable development • Bangladesh cannot afford to go about with the development business-as-usual • Unless development policy decision is taken today, Bangladesh’ future development will not be sustainable 6 Towards the Integration of CCA/DRR What is integration? ∗ CCA & DRR integration ∗ is a country driven process ∗ Which depends upon the respective countries to what extent mainstreaming is required ∗ And to what extent the governance system allows the country to incorporate CCA & DRR into the development process. 7 Bangladesh Framework for Integration ∗ Integration of CCA & DRR in Bangladesh is conducted through these levels: 1. 2. 3. 4. National Planning Process Sectoral Policies Project Development Cycle Budgetary Process 8 1. National Level Planning Process: ∗ Integration of CCA into Bangladesh National planning process; Perspective Plan/Sixth Five year plan / Medium-Term Budgetary Framework (MTBF) 2013-14 to 2017-18 ∗ Actions: 1. Improve the Quality of monitoring data; 2. Coordination at the highest level; 3. Long Term Vision; 4. Ensure Adequate Resources; 5. Increasing Donor Support 9 y Bangladesh Development Planning Architecture c y c l e Policy Formulation s 11 National Long Term Vision t a g e s National Short to Medium Term policies, e.g. PRSP Planning Multi year Development Plan National Budget Resource Allocation Allocate Budget Propose investment Propose investment Programming/ Implementation Allocate Budget Sector Level Dev Plan Sector Budget Envelop Sector X Sector Level Dev Plan Sector Budget Envelop Sector Y 2. Sectoral level Integration ∗ Integration of climate change adaptation/DRR into Bangladesh relevant sectoral Policies and Programme; ∗ Action: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Public Service Delivery; Assessment: Sector Specific Assessment; Increase Awareness of Sectoral Planners; Updating Climate Baselines; Capacity Development within Sectors 12 i c y Sectoral level c y c l e Policy s Formulation t a g e s Planning Resource Allocation Na tio governance architecture with key interventions for nal Le adaptation vel Pol ici es -Act on Priorities established at the an National Level; Sectoral Strategy d and Policies -Include recognition of risks Pla ns 13 Sectoral Plan Sectoral Budget Envelop Additional resource for adaptation Sectoral Programming Top down projects Programming/ Implementation Sectoral Investment Programme Top down project -Apply a Climate Lens; -Build in sector level top-down adaptation activities -Make room in the budget for cross sectoral adaptation activities; -Add climate considerations to criteria used to assess Project Proposal Bottom up projects Project Proposal from district x, y, z 3. Project Level Integration Project Development Cycle ∗ Development Project Proforma (DPP) & Technical Project Proposal (TPP) formats; ∗ Project level is critical for integration of Climate Considerations ∗ Actions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Emphasis on Testing Climate Risk Assessment; Downscaling Climate Change Projections and uncertainties; Develop analytical framework for costing of adaptation measures: Cost Benefit Analysis, Multi Criteria Analysis and Cost Effectiveness Analysis; Evaluate systematically effects & effectiveness of integration on Adaptation; Invest more in Capacity Building. 14 The project cycle with key interventions for adaptation 15 Identify Potential Risk and Effects on Vulnerability M & E Implementation of Adaptation measures within projects For new project implement selected adaptation options Undertake in- depth Risk Assessment Identify Potential Options; Prioritize & select adaptation option 4. Budgetary Process ∗ Budgetary Process: Annual Development Programme (ADP) translates National Plans/Strategy objectives into concrete interventions for a particular year synchronized with the annual development budget. 16 Bangladesh CCA/DRR Financing ∗ Existing Funds ∗ Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund (BCCTF) – from Revenue Budget (CCA including comprehensive disaster management) ∗ Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund (BCCRF) – provided by Development Partners (CCA) ∗ Local Disaster Risk Reduction Fund (LDRRF) – provided by Development Partners (DRR including CCA) ∗ Employment Generation Program for the Poorest (EGPP) ∗ Proposed Funds ∗ Disaster Management Fund 17 Local Level Integration Why at Local level? ∗ Climate Change Impacts are manifested locally affecting livelihood; ∗ Integration capacity depend on local condition; ∗ Integration best observed at local level 18 Entry points for DRR/CCA Integration NATIONAL LEVEL PLANNING •Sixth Five Year Plan •Perspective Plan •Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP) •Physical framework/Land use plans Sectoral policies, •Agriculture plans and programs •Environment •Health •Water •Power & Energy and Industry etc. LOCAL LEVEL IMPLEMENTATION •Upazilla Development Plans (incl. Village Action Plans) •Adjustment in local regulatory and service provision •Local government accounting mechanism •Engaging Private Sector and Civil Society 19 Enabling Environment ∗ Legislative arrangements for DRR/CCA ∗ Strategy to coordinate and monitor Implementation mechanism in all sectors and levels ∗ Institutional arrangements, budgetary allocation , capacity development at national and local level ∗ Strengthening partnerships between various agencies thus ensuring horizontal and vertical linkages ∗ Political will/commitment ∗ Setting DRR/CCA goals and indicators: capacity to monitor and evaluate initiatives 20 EXISTING POLICIES SENSITIVE/SOMEWHAT SENSITIVE TO CC Name of Policies/Strategies/Plans/Guidelines 21 ✓Perspective Plan: Making Vision 2021 a Reality ✓6th Five Year Plan ✓National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA), 2009 ✓Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (2009) ✓Steps towards change: National Strategy for Accelerated Poverty Reduction (2009-2011) ✓National Sustainable Development Strategy (NSDS) Policies sensitive to CC ✓Coastal Zone Policy, 2005 Policies somewhat sensitive to CC ✓National Health Policy, 2010 ✓National Plan for Disaster Management ✓Standing Order on Disaster ✓National Disaster Management Act ✓National Plan for Disaster Management ✓Environment Policy, 1992 ✓National Forest Policy 1994 ✓Industrial policy, 2005 ✓Integrated Pest Management Policy 2002 ✓Land Use Policy 2001 ✓National policy for safe water supply & sanitation 1998 ✓National Population Policy 2004 ✓National Seed Policy ✓National Water policy 1999 ✓National Agriculture policy ,1999 ✓National Biotechnology policy, 1999 ✓National Fisheries policy 1998 ✓National Food policy 2006 ✓Renewable Energy Policy of Bangladesh 2008 ✓Social and resettlement policy framework 2009 ✓Truism policy, 2009 ✓Information Communication and technology policy 2009 Recent Achievements in Integrating Climate Change in the planning process Plans Perspective Plan 2010-2021: Making Vision 2021 a Reality Sixth Five-Year Plan (SFYP) 2011-15 (Chapter 8: Env., CC & DM for sustainable Development) ∗ National Sustainable Development strategy (NSDS) ∗ Revision of Development Project Proforma (DPP)/TPP Budget ∗ Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review (CPEIR) ∗ Climate Fiscal Framework (National and Local) ∗ Creation of several funds Capacity Building ∗ Capacity Building of Public Sector Planning Professionals ∗ Creation of E-platform ∗ ∗ 22 KEY CHALLENGES ∗ Lack of detailed information on climate change; ∗ Lack of willingness to allocate resources in study/research to generate scientific knowledge that could contribute to review and develop new plans ∗ Lack of awareness as well as lack of capacity; ∗ Climate Change is still not high enough in the agenda; ∗ Resource Allocation – inadequate compared to the need. 23 Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Professionalising the DM System Rural Risk Reduction Urban Risk Reduction Disaster Preparedness and Response Mainstreaming DRR and CCA into Dev. Plans and Prog. Climate Change Adaptation 24 CDMP Experience in mainstreaming DRR & CCA into Development Planning National • • Integrate DRR & CCA in long & medium term Dev. Plans Revise the Development Project Proforma format: Incorporating DRR & CCA for compliance Assist the plans of Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief Sectoral Local Enter agreements with 14 sectoral Ministries/Dept.: •Influencing sectoral policies/guidelines •Building policy & implementation capacities •Incorporating DRR & CCA into sectors •Implementing pilot projects Establish standardized methods for: •Community Risk Assessment (CRA) •Fast Tracked Risk Assessment (FTRA) •Risk Reduction Action Plan (RRAP) Implement large scale interventions through innovative financing: •Local Disaster Risk Reduction Fund 25 Innovative Local Disaster Risk Reduction Funds 26 innovative, community level, simple Capacity analysis Evaluation Outsource High official visit Review Team Hazard Risk & identification Vulnerability & analysis analysis Monitoring Team Priority measures identification for risk reduction, preventive, mitigation RRAP Monitoring CRA Community Participation Scientific and local knowledg e DM Cmtee NGO/ING O Dept. Translate into specific Structural or nonstructural project/ scheme Mostly go to local Dev. Plan 27 Implementation Technical Committee Local Committee CDMP LDRRF Secretariat Local Disaster Risk Reduction Fund Funding (LDRRF) Approval Committee Grants Integration of disaster and climate proofing28 ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Revising DPP to include DRR & CCA issues DRR & CCA sectoral mainstreaming guidelines as per the revised SOD Action research to identify sectoral adaptation options LOA with 13 departments of 12 ministries ● Organizational action plans ● DRR&CCA inclusion in sectoral policies ● Institutional capacity building ● Piloting options ● 32,000 urban volunteers ● Increase flood warning lead time Community level Climate Change Adaptation ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Integrating CCA principles to the programme ● Training Module Development on DRR & CCA ● Climate lens for project screening ● Adaptation Option Menu for different hazards ● Risk Atlas for 10 Vulnerable Upazilas (piloting) ● 1,700 Union factsheets Generating CC impact scenarios ● Studies on drought, flood, salinity, and storm surge Study on ‘Trends and impact analysis of Internal Displacement due to Impacts of Disaster & CC’ Research on non-farm livelihood options Non-farm livelihood support to Communities Advocacy and communication materials 29 30 THANK YOU For more information contact: Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Disaster Management & Relief Bhaban (6th Floor) 92-93 Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh Tel: (+88 02) 989 0937, 882 1255 Website: www.cdmp.org.bd