Download Bangladesh Experience Mohammad Abdul Qayyum 1

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Integration of CCA and DRR into Development :
Bangladesh Experience
Mohammad Abdul Qayyum
National Project Director
CDMP II
Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)
Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief
Bangladesh’ Context
∗ Bangladesh remains to be one of the world’s poorest
countries, but also the most resilient!
∗ Left unaddressed, climate change will increase and
intensify Bangladesh’s disaster risks:
∗ Frequency and intensity of hazards such as flood,
drought, salinity, cyclone, tidal surge, sea level rise etc.
∗ Which will affect:
∗
∗
∗
∗
(i) Food Security;
(ii) Increased Vector Borne Diseases;
(iii) increased Infrastructural Damage and
(iv) Degradation of Natural Resources, Upon which livelihood is dependent.
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Issue 1: Perspective gap
“Conventional development perspectives
are not intuitively receptive to DRR&CCA”
Perspectives
Sustainable
Development
Espouses:
Meanwhile, DRR &
CCA
are leaning more
towards
Priorities
Vision
Local risk
Approach
Top down
Bottom up
Scope
Macro
Localized
Time span
Long term
Short-Mid–Long term
Premium
Econ Growth
Reduced Risks
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Issue 2: Coordination
gap
Long Term
Vision
Medium
Term Plan
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Finance Division
Internal Resources Division
Bdesh Bureau of Statistics
PLANNING
COMMISSION
Bangladesh Bank
Planning Divisions
Issues :
•Inter-sectoral coordination gaps
•Two separate ministries for DRR and
CCA
•Prominent power dynamics at national
and local level
allocations based on size
of population and area
Line Ministries / Divisions
Economic
Relations
Divisions
Development
Partners
Implementing Agencies
Sub-Implementing
Agencies
(Contractors)
Communities
Ultimately:
Not sensitive to
local disaster and
climate risks
Issue 3: Institutional Gap
POLICY PLANNING
i. Determination of Goals, objectives,
priorities and strategies and policy
measure
SECTORAL PLANNING
ii. Identification of the required role
sectors to play in the context of goal and
objectives
PROGRAMME PLANNING
iii. Formulation of detailed sectoral
programmes
PROJECT PLANNING
iv. Preparation of projects embodying
investment decisions
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
AND MONITORING
EVALUATION
AGENCY/
IMED
IMED
v. Institution of appropriate management
apparatus for supervision and efficient
completion of projects
vi. Review of effects of project,
programmes and plans
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And thus the rationale for Integration
Development
means
Wellbeing of
Society,
Economy, &
Environment
Climate
Change and
Disasters
challenge
development
gains and
future goals
In order to be
sustainable
development
must be
resilient
Integrating
Disaster and
Climate Risks,
is thus a
necessity,
towards
sustainable
development
• Bangladesh cannot afford to go about with the development
business-as-usual
• Unless development policy decision is taken today,
Bangladesh’ future development will not be sustainable
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Towards the Integration of CCA/DRR
What is integration?
∗ CCA & DRR integration
∗ is a country driven process
∗ Which depends upon the respective countries
to what extent mainstreaming is required
∗ And to what extent the governance system
allows the country to incorporate CCA & DRR
into the development process.
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Bangladesh Framework for Integration
∗ Integration of CCA & DRR in Bangladesh is conducted
through these levels:
1.
2.
3.
4.
National Planning Process
Sectoral Policies
Project Development Cycle
Budgetary Process
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1. National Level Planning
Process:
∗ Integration of CCA into Bangladesh National planning
process; Perspective Plan/Sixth Five year plan /
Medium-Term Budgetary Framework (MTBF) 2013-14
to 2017-18
∗ Actions:
1. Improve the Quality of monitoring data;
2. Coordination at the highest level;
3. Long Term Vision;
4. Ensure Adequate Resources;
5. Increasing Donor Support
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y
Bangladesh Development Planning Architecture
c
y
c
l
e
Policy
Formulation
s
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National Long Term Vision
t
a
g
e
s
National Short to Medium Term
policies, e.g. PRSP
Planning
Multi year Development Plan
National Budget
Resource
Allocation
Allocate
Budget
Propose
investment
Propose
investment
Programming/
Implementation
Allocate
Budget
Sector
Level Dev
Plan
Sector
Budget
Envelop
Sector X
Sector
Level Dev
Plan
Sector
Budget
Envelop
Sector Y
2. Sectoral level Integration
∗ Integration of climate change adaptation/DRR into
Bangladesh relevant sectoral Policies and Programme;
∗ Action:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Public Service Delivery;
Assessment: Sector Specific Assessment;
Increase Awareness of Sectoral Planners;
Updating Climate Baselines;
Capacity Development within Sectors
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i
c
y
Sectoral level
c
y
c
l
e
Policy
s
Formulation
t
a
g
e
s
Planning
Resource
Allocation
Na
tio
governance architecture
with key interventions for
nal
Le
adaptation
vel
Pol
ici
es
-Act on Priorities established at the
an
National Level;
Sectoral Strategy
d and Policies
-Include recognition of risks
Pla
ns
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Sectoral Plan
Sectoral
Budget
Envelop
Additional
resource for
adaptation
Sectoral Programming
Top down projects
Programming/
Implementation
Sectoral Investment Programme Top
down project
-Apply a Climate Lens;
-Build in sector level top-down
adaptation activities
-Make room in the budget for cross
sectoral adaptation activities;
-Add climate considerations to criteria
used to assess Project Proposal
Bottom up projects
Project Proposal from district x, y, z
3. Project Level Integration
Project Development Cycle
∗ Development Project Proforma (DPP) & Technical Project
Proposal (TPP) formats;
∗ Project level is critical for integration of Climate
Considerations
∗ Actions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Emphasis on Testing Climate Risk Assessment;
Downscaling Climate Change Projections and uncertainties;
Develop analytical framework for costing of adaptation
measures: Cost Benefit Analysis, Multi Criteria Analysis and
Cost Effectiveness Analysis;
Evaluate systematically effects & effectiveness of integration on
Adaptation;
Invest more in Capacity Building.
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The project cycle with key interventions
for adaptation
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Identify Potential Risk and
Effects on Vulnerability
M & E Implementation of
Adaptation measures
within projects
For new project implement
selected adaptation options
Undertake in- depth
Risk Assessment
Identify Potential Options;
Prioritize & select adaptation
option
4. Budgetary Process
∗ Budgetary Process: Annual Development Programme
(ADP) translates National Plans/Strategy objectives into
concrete interventions for a particular year synchronized
with the annual development budget.
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Bangladesh CCA/DRR Financing
∗ Existing Funds
∗ Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund (BCCTF)
– from Revenue Budget (CCA including
comprehensive disaster management)
∗ Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund
(BCCRF) – provided by Development Partners
(CCA)
∗ Local Disaster Risk Reduction Fund (LDRRF) –
provided by Development Partners (DRR including
CCA)
∗ Employment Generation Program for the Poorest
(EGPP)
∗ Proposed Funds
∗ Disaster Management Fund
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Local Level Integration
Why at Local level?
∗ Climate Change Impacts are manifested
locally affecting livelihood;
∗ Integration capacity depend on local
condition;
∗ Integration best observed at local level
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Entry points for DRR/CCA
Integration
NATIONAL LEVEL
PLANNING
•Sixth Five Year Plan
•Perspective Plan
•Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP)
•Physical framework/Land use plans
Sectoral policies,
•Agriculture
plans and programs •Environment
•Health
•Water
•Power & Energy and Industry etc.
LOCAL LEVEL
IMPLEMENTATION
•Upazilla Development Plans (incl. Village Action Plans)
•Adjustment in local regulatory and service provision
•Local government accounting mechanism
•Engaging Private Sector and Civil Society
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Enabling Environment
∗ Legislative arrangements for DRR/CCA
∗ Strategy to coordinate and monitor Implementation
mechanism in all sectors and levels
∗ Institutional arrangements, budgetary allocation ,
capacity development at national and local level
∗ Strengthening partnerships between various agencies
thus ensuring horizontal and vertical linkages
∗ Political will/commitment
∗ Setting DRR/CCA goals and indicators: capacity to
monitor and evaluate initiatives
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EXISTING POLICIES
SENSITIVE/SOMEWHAT SENSITIVE TO
CC
Name of Policies/Strategies/Plans/Guidelines
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✓Perspective Plan: Making Vision 2021 a Reality
✓6th Five Year Plan
✓National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA), 2009
✓Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (2009)
✓Steps towards change: National Strategy for Accelerated Poverty Reduction (2009-2011)
✓National Sustainable Development Strategy (NSDS)
Policies sensitive to CC
✓Coastal Zone Policy, 2005
Policies somewhat sensitive to CC
✓National Health Policy, 2010
✓National Plan for Disaster Management
✓Standing Order on Disaster
✓National Disaster Management Act
✓National Plan for Disaster Management
✓Environment Policy, 1992
✓National Forest Policy 1994
✓Industrial policy, 2005
✓Integrated Pest Management Policy 2002
✓Land Use Policy 2001
✓National policy for safe water supply & sanitation 1998
✓National Population Policy 2004
✓National Seed Policy
✓National Water policy 1999
✓National Agriculture policy ,1999
✓National Biotechnology policy, 1999
✓National Fisheries policy 1998
✓National Food policy 2006
✓Renewable Energy Policy of Bangladesh 2008
✓Social and resettlement policy framework 2009
✓Truism policy, 2009
✓Information Communication and technology policy 2009
Recent Achievements in Integrating
Climate Change in the planning
process
Plans
Perspective Plan 2010-2021: Making Vision 2021 a Reality
Sixth Five-Year Plan (SFYP) 2011-15 (Chapter 8: Env., CC & DM for
sustainable Development)
∗ National Sustainable Development strategy (NSDS)
∗ Revision of Development Project Proforma (DPP)/TPP
Budget
∗ Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review (CPEIR)
∗ Climate Fiscal Framework (National and Local)
∗ Creation of several funds
Capacity Building
∗ Capacity Building of Public Sector Planning Professionals
∗ Creation of E-platform
∗
∗
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KEY CHALLENGES
∗ Lack of detailed information on climate change;
∗ Lack of willingness to allocate resources in
study/research to generate scientific knowledge that could
contribute to review and develop new plans
∗ Lack of awareness as well as lack of capacity;
∗ Climate Change is still not high enough in the agenda;
∗ Resource Allocation – inadequate compared to the need.
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Comprehensive Disaster Management
Programme (CDMP II)
Professionalising the DM
System
Rural Risk
Reduction
Urban Risk
Reduction
Disaster Preparedness and
Response
Mainstreaming DRR and CCA into Dev. Plans
and Prog.
Climate Change
Adaptation
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CDMP Experience in mainstreaming DRR & CCA into
Development Planning
National
•
•
Integrate DRR & CCA in long & medium term Dev. Plans
Revise the Development Project Proforma format: Incorporating
DRR & CCA for compliance
Assist the plans of Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief
Sectoral
Local
Enter agreements with 14 sectoral Ministries/Dept.:
•Influencing sectoral policies/guidelines
•Building policy & implementation capacities
•Incorporating DRR & CCA into sectors
•Implementing pilot projects
Establish standardized methods for:
•Community Risk Assessment (CRA)
•Fast Tracked Risk Assessment (FTRA)
•Risk Reduction Action Plan (RRAP)
Implement large scale interventions through innovative
financing:
•Local Disaster Risk Reduction Fund
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Innovative Local Disaster Risk
Reduction Funds
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innovative,
community
level,
simple
Capacity
analysis
Evaluation
Outsource
High official
visit
Review Team
Hazard
Risk &
identification Vulnerability
& analysis
analysis
Monitoring
Team
Priority measures identification
for risk reduction,
preventive, mitigation
RRAP
Monitoring
CRA
Community
Participation
Scientific
and local
knowledg
e
DM
Cmtee
NGO/ING
O
Dept.
Translate into specific
Structural or nonstructural
project/ scheme
Mostly go to
local Dev. Plan
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Implementation
Technical Committee
Local
Committee
CDMP LDRRF
Secretariat
Local Disaster Risk Reduction Fund
Funding
(LDRRF)
Approval Committee
Grants
Integration of disaster and climate proofing28
▪
▪
▪
▪
Revising DPP to include DRR & CCA issues
DRR & CCA sectoral mainstreaming guidelines as per
the revised SOD
Action research to identify sectoral adaptation options
LOA with 13 departments of 12 ministries
● Organizational action plans
● DRR&CCA inclusion in sectoral policies
● Institutional capacity building
● Piloting options
● 32,000 urban volunteers
● Increase flood warning lead time
Community level Climate Change Adaptation
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
Integrating CCA principles to the programme
● Training Module Development on DRR & CCA
● Climate lens for project screening
● Adaptation Option Menu for different hazards
● Risk Atlas for 10 Vulnerable Upazilas (piloting)
● 1,700 Union factsheets
Generating CC impact scenarios
● Studies on drought, flood, salinity, and storm
surge
Study on ‘Trends and impact analysis of Internal
Displacement due to Impacts of Disaster & CC’
Research on non-farm livelihood options
Non-farm livelihood support to Communities
Advocacy and communication materials
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THANK YOU
For more information contact:
Comprehensive Disaster Management
Programme (CDMP II)
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Disaster Management & Relief Bhaban (6th Floor)
92-93 Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh
Tel: (+88 02) 989 0937, 882 1255
Website: www.cdmp.org.bd