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Transcript
The Renaissance Beginning of the Renaissance •Italian Cities •Urban society- easy for people to congregate •Major trading centers that attracted wide variety of people and cultures •Secular culture •Moved away from life in the church •Focused more on the individual and the tangible •Renaissance means “Rebirth” •People lost their faith in the church and began to look towards the classical heritage of Rome and Greece •New ideas on politics, economy, art, and literature Literature - Humanism o 3 Main ideas: Self-improvement through reason and ingenuity Study of Classical culture Life-long and well-rounded education o Secular Movement Emphasis on history, philosophy and literature (known as “humanities”) Human nature as flawed, imperfect o Renaissance Man vs. Renaissance Woman • Man: skilled rider, wrestler, swordsman, charismatic • Both: well versed in singing, dancing, drawing, play an instrument, read poetry and novels • Women: knowledgeable of the above but meant to be the inspiration not the creator Literature Petrarch Wrote in both Italian (native) and Latin (traditional) Father of Humanist Movement in Italy Emphasis on poetry and self-expression in work Dante Wrote in the vernacular (native language) Inferno- Dante’s journey through the 9 circles of hell, religious undertones emphasizing the rejection of sin Wrote a lot about Virgil- Ancient Roman poet Boccaccio Emphasis on realism and the individual in the vernacular Decameron- collection of realistic stories that emphasize human interaction in both comedic and tragic settings Political Ideas Niccolò Machiavelli The Prince Machiavelli observed city-state rulers of his day and produced guidelines for the acquisition and maintenance of power by absolute rule. “Is it better to be feared or loved?” He felt that a ruler should be willing to do anything to maintain control, he thought its better to be feared. Renaissance Art o Elements of Painting and Sculpture Emphasis on individuals & interaction between people Classicism: inspiration from Greece & Rome Perspective (dimension) Realism and emotion Light and shadows o Famous Artists Donatello Michelangelo Leonardo Da Vinci (bottom) Raphael (top) Art Activity Directions: In your notes write down whether or not you belief that the following pieces of art is Renaissance or not. Northern Renaissance Printing Press o Invented by Johann Gutenberg in 1440 Transition from religious texts to popular books o Able to rapidly mass produce texts- How do you think this affected the spread of the Renaissance? Erasmus- Holland o The Praise of Folly- satire of traditional medieval society o Criticized the Church and the ceremony, believed it wasn’t in line with the original roots of Christianity Sir Thomas More- England o Utopia- satire mocking the wealth and materialism of society o Utopia means “no place” o As a member of Henry VIII’s court he witnessed a lot of corruption and vanity Elizabethan Age William Shakespeare o Most famous playwright of all time o Macbeth, Hamlet, The Taming of the Shrew, etc. o Character studies- exposing flaws and human nature through drama Elizabeth I known as the “Virgin Queen” o Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn (2nd wife of 6) o Considered Golden Age of England o Ended religious persecution and allowed for Anglicanism and Christianity to co-exist in England o Defeated the powerful Spanish Armada securing England’s military dominance in Europe o Ruled for 44 years which brought stability and peace