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Ch. 16 - Psychological Disorders Psychological disorders How do we classify disorders? Types of disorders Labeling What are: Anxiety disorders? Mood disorders? Dissociation disorders? Schizophrenic disorders Personality disorders? How do we classify psychological disorders? DSM-IV-TR PDM Psychodynamic New in 2007 Diagnostic Manual DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th. Ed. Text revision(TR) Used to identify psychological disorders Types of disorders Neurotic disorders Disorders that allow you to think & function socially Older term - Vague - used minimally Psychotic disorders Irrational thoughts Debilitating What is the effect of labeling psychological disorders? It biases your perception of the patient’s behavior After you know the diagnosis (label) even normal behavior is seen as a symptom of that diagnosis. What are anxiety disorders? Generalized Anxiety Disorder Vague expectation that something bad will happen. Unfocused, out-of-control negative feelings. Panic Disorder Panic attack Agoraphobia - fear of situations you can not escape if a panic attack occurs. Phobias An irrational fear of something E.g. Arachnophobia - fear of spiders Social phobia - fear of social situations (Shyness taken to an extreme) Obsessive - compulsive disorders Obsessive = thoughts Thoughts that won’t go away Compulsive = behavior Checking a locked door Straightening books or fringe on a carpet Hand washing Flashing Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Causes: Trauma War Rape Effects (symptoms) Nightmares Flashbacks Social withdrawal Anxiety Insomnia (trouble sleeping) What are mood disorders? Depression The “common cold” of psychological disorders Main reason people seek mental health services Dysthymic disorder Between “feeling down” and clinical depression Chronic “down-in-the-dumps” feeling for two years or more Symptoms Low energy Low self-esteem Never happy Bipolar Disorder Depression to manic episodes Alternating between hopelessness and unrestrained optimism. Dissociation and multiple personalities Dissociative disorders Conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts and feelings. Dissociative identity disorder (Multiple personalities) Two or more distinct identities that control their behavior. Each person has its own voice and mannerisms. One personality is usually unaware of the others. Schizophrenia “Split mind” Disorganized thinking Inappropriate emotions & actions Hallucinations (see or hear things) Delusions (“I am God”) False beliefs (Someone is poisoning me) Types of Schizophrenia Paranoid Delusions or hallucinations Themes of persecution “The Russians are after me.” Disorganized Disorganized speech or behavior Flight of ideas Inappropriate emotion Types of schizophrenia (cont.) Catatonic Motionless - for long periods of time Parrotlike repeating of another’s speech Undifferentiated Many different symptoms as discussed before. What are Personality Disorders? Antisocial personality disorder Formally called sociopath or psychopath No conscience - (e.g. serial killer)