Download Adaptif Atomic Theory Rutherford

Atomic Structure
For Technological And
Agriculture
Class X Semester 1
Compiler : SMK Country 7 Bandung
Elementary Interest
1. Identifies atom particle
2. Comprehends experiment about atomic
nucleus
3. Identifies member of faction of element
and tendency of nature of with faction
from period in periodic system
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Purpose Of Study
1. Student can mention atom compiler base
particle
2. Student can identify atomic mass
3. Student can differentiate isotope, isotope and
isobar
4. Student can differentiate atomic theory
according to Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr
and
based on quantum mechanics
5. Student can write down configuraton electron
from an atom
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Atomic
Atom was smallest part from an
indissoluble element again with ordinary
chemical reaction. And so do that atom
from an element can form or interaction to
form a compound.
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Lanjutan
 Every atom lapped over
to atomic nucleus which
haves positif charge
encircled by electron
particle which haves
negative charge. In core
also there is other
particle of which is not
charged or neutral, pays
attention to Gambar 3.1
Picture 3.1
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Electron
Atom built by three particles that is
electron, proton and neutron. Electron is
particle loading negative electrics and
given [by] symbol with letter (e), -1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹
Coulomb, negative sign at number(-) to
indicate that electron haves negative
charge. Electron has mass equal to 9.10 ×
10⁻31 Kg.
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Proton
 Proton is second base particle, which located in in
atomic nucleus and haves positif charge. Proton
charge equal to charge of electron equal to 1.6 ×
10-19 Coulomb having sign positive
 Based on result of calculation known [by] mass a
proton is 1.673 × 10-27 Kg. This thing indicates that
bigger proton mass around 1800 times mass an
electron.
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neutron
Neutron, be base particle that is third, and
located in atomic nucleus together with
proton.
Neutron doesn't charge electrics, but
neutron has mass that is 1.675 × 10-27 Kg, this
equivalent mass with proton mass.
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Continuation
To be more clarifies
again about position
of elementary particle
in an atom, we took
example if an element
had
6
proton,
6
electron
and
6
neutron
hence
In
atomic nucleus would
there is 6 proton and
6 neutron encircled by
6 electron to see
Gambar 3.2.
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Picture 3.2
Adaptif
Atom Symbol
 Writing of atom symbol express existence of
proton, electron, neutron as in under this. In
general writing of atom sign is ZXA
where X it is name of atom A : mass number is
number of protons and neutron and Z : atomic
number is number of protons or number of
electrons.
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Example
Picture 3.3
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Simplest element is
hydrogen with letter
symbol H, what has
number of protons
and
electron
one
fruits,
and
doesn't
have
neutron
with
atom
symbol
presented at picture
3.3.
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Continuation
In existence nature of
hydrogen atom is not only
like ₁H¹ but there are still
other form is detrium and
tritium written down, ₁H²
,₁H³ mean there are two
element
of
hydrogen
having mass to differ in.
For hydrogen atom that is
first, has each 1(satu)
proton, 1 ( one) electron
and 1 ( one) neutron.
Differs
from
second
hydrogen
atom,
has
1(satu) proton and 1 (
one) electron, but number
of
its(the
neutrons
counted 2 ( two) fruit. To
be more sharpness pays
attention to Gambar 3.4.
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ISOTOPE
With
existence
of
this
inferential
difference that element can have number
of the same electrons and proton, and
differs in in its(the neutron, so that this
element has isotope.
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ISOTON
Something
else
also
happened for example if two
element had number of the
same neutrons, but differs in
in the case of proton amounts
and electron like the one
shown by ₆C¹³, ₇N¹⁴. For
element C ( Carbon) has 6 (
six) electron and 6 ( six)
proton and 7 ( seven) proton.
For element N ( Nitrogen) has
proton, the same electron and
neutron that is 7 ( seven)
fruit. Condition of where two
element has number of the
same neutrons told as isotope
( Picture 3.5).
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ISOBAR
In other case also happened where two
element to have the same mass, but
differs in in the case of its(the mass
number, like at unsur₂₇Co⁵⁹, ₂₈Ni⁵⁹, this
thing happened because good of element
Co ( Kobal) and also Ni ( Nickel) has
number of different protons and neutron.
But number of its(the protons and neutron
is same, for Co, there are 27 protons and
32 neutrons, while Ni has 28 protons and
31 neutrons, condition of where same
atomic mass called as with isobar.
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Conclusions
1.
2.
3.
4.
To
From example of isotope, isotope and isobar,
we can draw some conclusions:
Isotope only happened because neutron
difference, same in the case of its(the proton
amounts and electron and isotope only
happened at the same element.
Isotope happened because there is equality in
the case of neutron amounts, but differs in in
number its(the proton and electron, and
happened at different element.
Isobar happened equality in atomic mass that
is its(the proton amounts and neutron, but
differs in every proton amounts, its(the
electron and neutron, isobar happened at
different element.
Difference of one element to other element
determined by its(the proton amounts.
be more his(its easy to comprehending visible
conclusion of difference from isotope, isotope
and isobar like at Picture 3.6.
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Development Of Atomic Theory
Atom came from atomos meaning Greek
cannot be in for again. This understanding
doesn't get out of atom concept result of
fruit of idea Demokritus (460-370 S.M).
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Dalton Atomic Theory

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Understanding about atom is smallest part of a matter is base
utilized by John Dalton ( 1805). He develops atomic theory based on
conservation laws of mass ( Lavoisier) and permanent comparison law (
Proust). Dalton submits that
Every matter compiled by small particle so-called with atom
Atom is a real small solid ball
Element is matter which consist of atom that is conspecific and differs
from atom from other element.
Compound is matter compiled by two or more atom type with certain
comparison
Forming of compound through chemical reaction which is processing
settlement from atomatom is involving in reacting
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Weakness From Dalton Atomic
Theory
Atomic
theory
submitted
by Dalton, be not able yet to
answer
phenomenon
about
related is electrics, known that
many condensations which can
send electric current. Thereby
atom
still
containing
other
particle. This weakness pushs
other scientist to improve;repair
atomic theory Dalton.
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Atomic Theory Thomson
Atom
is
ball
which
haves positif charge, and
electron
spread
over
surface [by] it, like bread
is sowed [by] currant or
like
cake
where
onde
its(the
-
onde
surface
spread over sesame, sees
gambar 3.8.
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Atomic Theory Rutherford
Atom consisted of atomic
nucleus
which
haves
positif
charge
and
encircled
by
elektronelektron which haves
negative
charge.
electron
encircles
Peripatetic
core
with
trajectory which is in the form
of
circle
or
ellipse,
sees
gambar 3.9.
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Weakness Of Atomic Theory
Rutherford
The Rutherford theory
many getting expostulation, if
electron moved encircles core, hence electron will discharge or
transmits energy so that energy owned by electron over and over
will decrease and causes its(the trajectory is more and more old
smaller and in a moment electron will fall into core. The
Rutherford theory cannot explain this phenomenon.
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Atomic Theory Bohr
1. Atom lapped over to core to have positif charge and encircled by
electron which haves negative charge.
2. Electron encircles atomic nucleus at certain orbit and stationary (
permanent), with certain energy level.
3. Eelektron at certain orbit can make a move is higher with
permeating energy. On the contrary, electron can make a move
from higher level orbit to low by discharging energy.
4. In the situation normal ( without external influence), electron
occupies low energy level ( called as level of base = ground state)
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Continuation
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Ending
“ Thank”
Compiler Team :
Rochim Muliawan,SPd,
Dra. Hj. Nunun Kusworini and
Oktaviani Budiarti,SPd
SMK Country 7 Bandung
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