Download English_Tumbuh Kembang hewan2005-01

THE GROWTH AND THE
DEVELOPMENT OF ANIMALS
The Standard of Competency:
Understanding concept of growing and developing of plants, animals, and
human beings
Basic Competency:
Understanding concepts of growing and developing of animals.
SMK N 1 JEPARA
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OBJECTIVE
The students are expected to be able to
describe the differences of growing and
developing processes and reproduction of
animals.
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THE GROWTH AND THE
DEVELOPMENT OF ANIMALS
Can be grouped into 2 phases:
 Fase of embryonic (split, blastulation,
gastrulation, morphogenesis, embryonic
inducton, differentials & specialisation,
organogeneis)
 Fase of after embrionic (metamorphosis,
regeneration).
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PHASE OF ZYGOTE CHANGING INTO
EMBRYO
 Phase of morula; cells stay together to form
structures like mulberry fruit called morula.
 Phase of blastula; morula changes its structure in to
a kind of ball and it has cavity inside called blastula.
 Phase of gastrula; cells in blastula compose
themselves to form 2 or 3 layers of cell called
gastrula. Gastrula has 2 layer of cells and develop to
be endoderm and extoderm, it is called diploblastic
animals. Gastrula of animals has 3 layers of cell, i.e,
endodermis, mesoderm and extoderm. They are
included in tripoblastic animals.
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TRIPLOBLASTIC ANIMALS
Cells of every cell layer will go through differentiation and
specialization processes. The cells will grow to be various
tissues and body organs as follows:
Endoderm
Cells which cover inside parts of digestion
system circulation system and other tissues
and organs such as lever and lungs.
Mesoderm
It becomes muscles, bones, kidneys, blood,
sexual glands, testical or ovarium, and bonding
tissues.
Ectoderm
Nerve system, skin, hair, nails, sweat glaud,
and secretion lines.
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METAMORPHOSIS
Metamorphosis is the changes of
larva to young adult (imago)
Metamorphosis of green frog:
 Inside fish gills (after 8 days)
 The lid of fish gills (after 12
days)
 Back legs (after 2 ½ months)
 Front legs (after 2 ½ - 3
months)
 Metamorphosis is done
(more then 3 months)
In leaf caterpillars metamorphosis
happens perfectly (holometabola).
It means the change of one phase
to another is observed clearly.
The metamorphosis of dragon fly
is not perfect (hemimetabola).
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Picture. Metamorphosis of: a. leaf caterpillars
(holometabola) and b. dragon fly (hemimetabola).
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REGENERATION
Regeneration is the recovery processes of
damage body on organs.
Regeneration does not make a new organ. It
can be found in stem cells in the body, that
are ready to spilt to multiply when needed for
changing the damaged tissues of cell. The
cells are not differentiated yet.
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THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF
REPTILE AND AVES
In reptiles (such as lizard and turtles) and aves
(such as birds and chickens), embryos grows in
egg cells.
The egg cells contain lots reserve of food for
embryo growth and situated in egg shells.
The egg cells should be warmed up at a certain
temperature for hatching.
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THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF
MAMALS
Mammals embryo grows in mother’s uterus
and get nutrition and oxygen from the
mother through placenta with placenta card’s
medium.
The period of embryo growth up to birth
(fetus) is called pregnancy period (gestasi)
Placenta can not be found in peak duck
having animals (ornithorynchus) because it
is ovipar. Adult duck will feed its fetus after
the eggs break out.
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COMPILED BY:
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