Download 22.2-22.5 Kinds of Plants

Guide to Plants
Major Non-Vascular and Vascular
Divisions, 22.2-22.5
Non-Vascular, Seedless Plants
1. Very small in size
2. Live in moist environments (contains no
xylem and phloem to transport water, all
done cell to cell via osmosis)
3. Grown in clumps or masses known as
mattes
4. Ex: Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
5. 25,000 species known
Mosses, Liverworts, and
Hornworts
Bryophyta = Mosses
Hepatophyta = Liverworts
Anthocerophyta= Hornworts
Seedless, Vascular Plants
 Have leaves that are adapted for reproduction
 Have 2 types of vascular tissue:
1.
Xylem- dead tubular tissue that transport water and
dissolved minerals upward from the roots to the
leaves
2. Phloem- living tubular cells that transport sugars
from the leaves to all parts of the cells
3. Produce spores and exhibit alternation of
generations
Ex: Club mosses, Horse Tails, and Ferns
Vascular Non-Seed, Whisk Fern
Whisk Fern Structure
Club Moss
Selaginella (Div. Lycophyta)
 Selaginella is the only
fern that is heterosporous, meaning that it
produces two kinds of
spores, micro and
megaspores.Microspores
develop into male
gametophytes while
megaspores develop into
female gametophytes.
Vascular Seed Plants
All have well developed true roots, stems,
and leaves with xylem and phloem
Produce seeds to protect plant embryos,
provide nutrients, and create dispersion
2 Main categories:
– Gymnosperm
– Angiosperm
Gymnosperms
 Vascular plants that produce “naked seeds”
within cones (meaning not encased in a fruit)
1. Seeds are developing embryos formed from
cross pollination, which are surrounded by a
food supply in a tough protective coat(Have
male and female cones in all but one species)
-Pollen grains are produced by spores (in cones)
a. Microspore-male gametophyte
b. Megaspore-female gametophyte
Advantages of Seeds
 Contains a supply of food to nourish the young
plant during its early stages of growth (leaves are
absent or underdeveloped)
 Fertilization does not require water, instead wind
and animals can transport pollen grains to ovules
of neighboring plants
 Ex: Gingkophyta, Coniferophyta (pine trees)
Cycadophyta (Cycads)
Prehistoric Cycads-short and stout,
cone bearing, found in tropics
Gnetophyta: desert dwelling, seed
bearing, live up to 100 yrs
Ginkgophyta: One Species Left!!
Ginkgo biloba
No cones, fan-shaped leaves, male and female
develop on separate trees!
Coniferophyta
 Cone bearing, alter.
of generations, needle
like leaves
 Examples:
 Monkey Puzzle Tree

 Pacific Yew- fights
cancer
 Redwoods-tallest
living plants
Angiosperms
Plants that produce flowers and develop
seeds encased in a fruit
Fruits-ripened ovaries (female reproductive
organs of plants
Advantages of fruit– Protects the seed/seeds
– Aides in dispersal of the seeds
Main Categories of Angiosperm
 Monocots
 Class Monocotyledonae
 One seed leaf/one food
 Dicots
 Class Dicotyledonae
 Two seed leaves/two food
compartment
 Flower parts in multiples
of 3
 Parallel venation in the
leaves
 Long narrow leaves
 Shallow root systems
 Alternating xylem and
phloem in vascular tissue
storage compartments
 Flower parts in multiples
in 2, 4, or 5
 Branched venation
(network of veins in leaf)
 Lobed, barbed, rounded
leaves
 Deep tap root systems
 Xylem and Phloem form
continuous cylinders
Anthophyta: Flower Bearing Seeds
“Nice Coat!”
Bean Seed Above Is A Dicot!
Corn Seed Below Is A Monocot!
Monocot or Dicot?
Angiosperm Reproduction-1
Angiosperm
Reproduction-2
Angiosperm Reproduction-3