Download Chapter 5 Vocabulary- From Bacteria to Plants

Chapter 5 Vocabulary- From Bacteria to Plants
Section 1
Phloem: the vascular tissue through which food moves in some plants (pg. 141)
Xylem: the vascular tissue through which water and nutrients move in some
plants (pg. 141)
Seed: the plant structure that contains a young plant inside a protective covering
(pg. 142)
Embryo: the young plant that develops from a zygote (pg. 142)
Cotyledon: a seed leaf that stores food (pg. 142)
Germination: the early growth stage of the embryo plant in a seed (pg. 144)
Stomata: the small openings on the undersides of most leaves through which
oxygen and carbon dioxide can move (pg. 144)
Transpiration: the process by which water is lost through a plant’s ;eaves (pg.
146)
Cambium: the layer of cells in a plant that produces new phloem and xylem cells
(pg. 147)
Root Cap: a structure that covers the tip of the root, protecting the root from
injury (pg. 149)
Section 2
Gymnosperm: a plant that produces seeds that are not enclosed by a protective
covering (pg. 150)
Cone: the reproductive structure of a gymnosperm (pg. 152)
Pollen: tiny particles produced by plants that contain the microscopic cells that
later become sperm cells (pg. 152)
Ovule: a plant structure in seed plants that contains an egg cell (pg. 153)
Pollination: the transfer of pollen from male reproductive structures to female
reproductive structures in plants (pg. 153)
Section 3
Angiosperm: a plant that produces seeds that are enclosed in a protective
structure (pg. 156)
Ovary: a protective structure in plants that encloses the developing seeds (pg.
157)
Flower: the reproductive structure of an angiosperm (pg. 157)
Petal: the colorful, leaf-like structures of a flower (pg. 157)
Sepal: a leaf-like structure that encloses the bud of a flower (pg. 158)
Stamen: the male reproductive parts of a flower (pg. 158)
Pistil: the female reproductive parts of a flower (pg. 158)
Fruit: the ripened ovary and other structures that enclose one or more seeds of
an angiosperm (pg. 159)
Monocot: an angiosperm that has only one seed leaf (pg. 157)
Dicot: an angiosperm that has two seed leaves (pg. 157)
Section 4
Tropism: the growth response of a plant toward or away from a stimulus (pg.
164)
Hormone: a chemical that affects growth and development (pg. 165)
Auxin: the plant hormone that speeds up the rate of growth of plant cells (pg.
165)
Section 5
Genetic Engineering: the process of altering an organism’s genetic material to
produce an organism with qualities that people find useful (pg. 169)
Hydroponics: the method of growing plants in a solution of nutrients instead of in
soil (pg. 170)