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VIRUS
The Standart of Competency:
Identifying Microorganisms and their roles
Kompetensi Dasar:
Identifying virus and its roles in the life
SMK N 1 JEPARA
OBJECTIVES
After studying virus and its roles, the
students are able to understand how virus
live and discuss the prevention of its
attack.
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Virus and The Role
 The history of virus discovery
 Adolf Meyer ( Jerman, 1883) investigated pests in
healthy tobacco which has yellow spot
 Dmitri Ivanowsky( 1983) filtered the extract of
tobacco leaf having yellow pests and infected it to
healthy tobacco plant and it was infected. It can
be cncluded that the cause of this pest is because
the size of it is smaller than that of bacteria so
that it can slip out from the filter.
 Martinus W. Beijerinck( Belanda,1897) stated that
yelow pest causing agents can breed in creatures.
 Wendelly Stanley(Amerika, 1935) named tobacco
mosaic virus (TMV) which means poison.
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Characteristics and Natures of Virus
 The size is 10 up to 400 nm (0,1-0,4um) and can
be observed by e electron microscope.
 It is not composed by cells.
 Having one nucleate acids (DNA/RNA). All virus
have compound of nucleate acids (DNA or RNA).
 It is as transitional creatures. It can be regarded
as a thing because it can be crystallized.
 Having wrappers of nucleate acid (kapsomer)
 It is as obligate parasite.
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Virus Components
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Virus Classifications
1. DNA Virus
Adenovirudae
hepadnaviridae
herpesviridae
Picture: Kinds of DNA Virus
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2. RNA Virus
Flaviridae
Virus Ebola
Virus Flu burung
HIV
Picture: Kinds of RNA Viruses
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Steps of Virus Replication
 The attachment/ adsorption of virion at
nursemaid
 The penetrating virion or nucleat acid to inside
cell of nursemaid.
 The synthesizing nucleat acid
 Assembly
 The releasing of virion from nursemaid.
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Virus Replication
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Lactic Virulence and Lysogenic
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Lithic Cycle
A. Adsopption Phase
The attachment of tail
fiver of bacteria
B. Penetration Phase
The wraper of virus tail
injects DNA
C. Replication Phase
Processes of
transcription and
translation
D. Assembly Phase
Forming new virus
(virion)
E. Lisis Phase
The coming out of virion
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Lysogenic Cycle
A. Adsorption Phase
The attachment of tail fiber of bacteriofage
B. Penetration Phase
The wrapper of virus tail injects to DNA
C. Joining Phase
Virus DNA inserts into nursemaid of DNA
D. Replication Phase
Virus DNA takes part to replicate.
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The Roles of Virus in the Life
 The use of virus
 Bacteria contain profag that is useful for
medication.
 To make interferon from virus through
genetics manipulation
 To make vaccine
 To make chromosome map
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The use of virus for medication
The medical technology has used
bacteriafage (fag virulen)
The use of virus to measure the dose of
radiation for counting the degree of
damage resulted.
The use of virus for eradicating in
agriculture.
Bio pesticide is to eradicate pests in plant
culture.
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Disadvantages caused by virus
Causing man disease
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Herpesvirus varicelae, causing smallpox
Virus polio, causing poliomyelitis
Influenza Virus, causing influenza
Morbili Virus, causing measles.
Rabies Virus, causing rabies.
H5N1 Virus, causing avian influenza
Paramyxovirus, causing mumps.
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus),
causing AIDS.
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B. Animal Diseases Causing Virus
Rhabdovirus, causing rabies to dogs, cats,
and monkeys.
New Castle Disease, causing “tetelo” to
chickens.
FMD Virus (Foot and Mouth Disease),
causing foot and mouth diseases.
Cowpox virus, causing smallpox to cows
Sarcoma Virus (Rous Sarcoma
Virus=RSV), causing sarcoma to chickens.
Bovine papilloma virus (BPV), causing
cows tumor.
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Polio Virus
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Virus H5N1
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HIV
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c. Virus penyebab penyakit tumbuhan
 1. Virus mosaik, menyerang tanaman kentang
tomat dan tembakau.
2. Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneratif (CVPD),
menyerang jeruk.
 3. Virus tungro, menyerang tanaman padi.
 4. Potato Yellow Mosaic Virus (PYMV), menyerang
tanaman kentang.
 5. Beans Yellow Mosaic Virus (BYMV), menyerang
buncis.
 6. Cucumber Mosaic Virus pada ketimun.
 7. PStV pada kacang tanah.
 8. Germinivirus pada Capsicum annum (cabe
merah)
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Contoh bentuk virus yang menyerang tanaman
TMV Pada Kentang
TMV Pada Tembakau
Cucumbar MV
PStV Pada kacang tanah
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Pencegahan terhadap serangan virus
Pencegahan melalui penerapan
bioteknologi dengan menggunakan
vaksin (racun yang dilemahkan).
Prinsip dasar penggunaannya adalah
untuk menghasilkan antibodi guna
melawan serangan virus melalui
vaksinasi
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COMPILED BY:
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