Download Chapter 18, Section 2: Crusades Objective: Describe what the

Chapter 18, Section 2: Crusades
Objective: Describe what the Crusades were and how they changed Europe forever.
Crusaders Invade the Holy Land
Crusades/Holy Land
The Crusades were a long series of wars between
Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia.
The First Crusade
A set of 5,000 peasants marched to the Holy Land. They attacked Jews in
Germany blaming them for Jesus’ death
They fought over control of the Holy land, Palestine, an
area Jesus lived, preached and died.
They were killed quickly by the Turkish Muslims
Cause of the Crusades
Muslims had lived in Palestine, and a Turkish group of
Muslims attacked and captured the city of Jerusalem.
Christians said it was no longer safe to travel there (Holy
Land)
Those Turks attacked the Byzantine
Empire/Constantinople. Their King asked Pope Urban for
help, and they agreed to the request.
Call to Arms
Pope called all Christians to fight against the Turks. He
said to stop the fighting between nobles/kings and work
together. Thousands joined.
Some fought for land/treasure, others to forgive their
sins or get in God’s good graces. They said they were
fighting for God and sewed the Cross on their uniforms.
Crusade=marked with a cross.
Then, the crusades sent knights and nobles. They defeated the Muslims,
retook Jerusalem and set up 4 small kingdoms using the feudal system.
Later Crusades Fail
2nd/3rd Crusade
Soon after the victory, Muslims begin to take back the
land.
Crusades Change Europe-How?
1. Europe and Asia learned about each other, such as Europe learned of apricots,
cotton, rice and brought ideas to Muslim thinkers.
2nd Crusade: A complete failure due to losses on the
journey to the Holy Land.
2. Kings gained power since many knights/nobles died. They claimed land, and
ended up with more power in the Crusades over the pope.
3rd Crusade: Kings of England, France, Germany all
attacked. But the German King died and French King left,
leaving only the King Richard I.
3. Relationships- Jews distrusted Christians, Byzantines distrusted Christians.
His Opponent?
Saladin, brilliant warrior of Muslims respected for his
kindness to his enemies. Richard was respected for his
bravery.
4. Christians vs Muslims: They learned about each other’s culture and sometimes
gained a mutual respect. Many still thought Christians were vicious invaders, and
Muslims as threatening. People believe Crusades still effect these two groups’
relationships today.
Richard fought/negotiated with Saladin and captured a
few towns but left without getting Jerusalem.
The Fourth Crusade/End of Crusades
What happened?
French knights arrived in Venice to set sail but did not have enough money.
For payment, Venetians asked to attack rival trade city Zara. Christians also attacked and took goods from Constantinople, once threatened by the
Muslims.
End of Crusades?
Small attacks on the Holy Land were sent, but none were successful.
Why did the Crusades fail?
1. Had to travel huge distances just to get to Palestine.
2. Were not ready to fight in the desert climate.
3. Christians were outnumbered, not as organized.
4. Fighting among themselves. End with Muslims still controlling Holy Land.