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The 5 Themes of Geography WHAT is Geography?? • Geography= the study of people, places and things on the earth’s surface AND how they relate to one another. 1. Location • Location refers to position on the Earth’s surface. There are 2 types: • Relative location is a description of where something on the Earth’s surface. • Exact Location is the exact position of someplace on the Earth’s surface. – Exact location uses latitude & longitude to locate a place. Latitude • Measures distances north or south of the Equator. • Latitude has a relationship with climate. • Important lines of latitude are: – The Equator• 0* • divides the Earth into Northern & Southern Hemispheres – Tropic of Cancer• 23 ½*N- the sun is directly overhead when it reaches the northern most point in the sky – Tropic of Capricorn• 23 ½*S- the sun is directly overhead when it reaches the southern most point in the sky – The area btw the Tropic o f Cancer & The Tropic of Capricorn is officially termed “the tropics” Longitude • Measures distance east & west of the Prime Meridian • Longitude has a relationship with time – Every 15*= 1 hour time change • Important lines of Longitude are: – Prime Meridian • 0* • Divides the Earth into Eastern & Western Hemispheres • Passes directly through Greenwich, England – International Dateline • 180* • Each day starts here 2. Place • Described in terms of physical & human characteristics – Physical characteristics= landforms, climate, soil, animal life – Human characteristics= ppl’s way of life- their activities, transportation, religion, languages, etc 3. Interaction btw People & their Environment • How ppl change the world around them & how ppl adapt to the world around them. – Hidden costs= actions can produce pollution, disrupt living organisms, etc 4. Movement • Of people, goods, & Ideas – – – – People migrate Goods are traded (import v. export) Ideas spread w/ ppl & goods & today’s mass media Interdependence- the reliance of countries on goods, resources, & knowledge from other parts of the world. 5. Realm/ Region • Geographic realm- defined in terms of total human geography- a composite of leading cultural, economic, historical, political, & environmental features. – Realms can change over time – Transition zones- areas where realms meet. There are no sharp boundaries • Region- an area w/in a realm w/ unifying features like physical characteristics, cultural features, political regions, economic features – A country can be a part of several regions