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Human Cloning
Human cloning
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Human Cloning
What is cloning?
Cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical
individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such
as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. The term also refers to the
production of multiple copies of a product such as digital media or software.
Clones are organisms that are exact genetic copies. Every single bit of their DNA is
identical.
Clones can happen naturally—identical twins are just one of many examples. Or they
can be made in the lab.
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Human Cloning
Vocabulary
Genetic: Relating to genes or heredity.
Artificial: Made or produced by human beings rather than occurring naturally, especially
as a copy of something natural.
Identical: Similar in every detail; exactly alike.
Controversy: Prolonged public disagreement or heated discussion.
Prompted: (of an event or fact) cause or bring about (an action or feeling).
Embryo: An unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development.
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Human Cloning
Human cloning
Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of a human. The term is
generally used to refer to artificial human cloning, which is the reproduction of
human cells and tissue. It does not refer to the natural conception and delivery of
identical twins. The possibility of human cloning has raised controversies. These ethical
concerns have prompted several nations to pass laws regarding human cloning and its
legality.
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Human Cloning
Dolly the sheep
Dolly, a Finn-Dorset ewe, was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from
an adult cell. Dolly was formed by taking a cell from the udder of her biological mother.
Her biological mother was 6 years old when the cells were taken from her udder. Dolly's
embryo was created by taking the cell and inserting it into a sheep ovum. It took 434
attempts before an embryo was successful.
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Human Cloning
How Is Cloning Done?
Many people first heard of cloning when Dolly the Sheep showed up on the scene in
1997. Artificial cloning technologies have been around for much longer than Dolly,
though.
There are two ways to make an exact genetic copy of an organism in a lab: artificial
embryo twinning and somatic cell nuclear transfer.
1. Artificial Embryo Twinning
Artificial embryo twinning is a relatively low-tech way to make clones. As the name
suggests, this technique mimics the natural process that creates identical twins.
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Human Cloning
2. Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), also called nuclear transfer, uses a different
approach than artificial embryo twinning, but it produces the same result: an exact
genetic copy, or clone, of an individual. This was the method used to create Dolly the
Sheep.
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Human Cloning
Is cloning an organism the same as
cloning a gene?
You may have heard about researchers cloning, or identifying, genes that are
responsible for various medical conditions or traits. What's the difference?
When scientists clone an organism, they are making an exact genetic copy of the whole
organism, as described above.
When scientists clone a gene, they isolate and make exact copies of just one of an
organism's genes. Cloning a gene usually involves copying the DNA sequence of that
gene into a smaller, more easily manipulated piece of DNA, such as a plasmid. This
process makes it easier to study the function of the individual gene in the laboratory.
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Human Cloning
Writing(Make sentences)
2 sentences each
Genetic
Artificial
Identical
Controversy
Prompted
Embryo
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Human Cloning
Thank you
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