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Ancient Rome Origins of Rome • Story of “Romulus & Remus” • In reality, men NOT mortals built Rome Rome’s Geography • Built on 7 rolling hills at a curve on the Tiber River • Near the center of the Italian Peninsula The First Romans • Arrived in PRE-HISTORIC times • 3 groups inhabited the region: 1. Latins (original settlement @ Rome) 2. Greeks (southern Italy & Sicily; colonies) 3. Etruscans (northern Italy) ***Begin Organizer NOTES*** • 1st 500 years roots are from Etruscan culture • • Writing system, metalworkers, alphabet adopted by Romans Greek & Latin Influences as well Early Republic • Last king of Rome (Tarquin the Proud) • Driven out of power b/c he was a TYRANT • Created a REPUBLIC – Where power rests citizens who have the right to vote its leaders Social Classes 1. Patricians (inherited power & social status) • • • • Nobles of Rome (wealthy landowners) Forced out King Declared a republic in 509 BC Elected leaders • • • • Majority of population Wealthy, working class, & poor Had some rights (could vote) Couldn’t hold office 2. Plebeians • Eventually allowed to form assembly & elect representatives (TRIBUES) Twelve Tables • Tablets that Patricians were forced to write laws – Hung throughout Rome’s Forum • Established that ALL FREE CITIZENS had right to protection under laws Twelve Tables Images Government Under Republic • Executive Branch: • 2 consuls (officials) – Commanded army & directed government • 1 year terms for Patricians – Could not be elected again for 10 years • Consul members could overrule, or VETO, each other Government Under Republic • Legislative Branch: • Senate • 300 members • Chosen from upper class of Roman society (only Patricians originally) • Served for LIFE Family Life • Very important • Close-knit and large • Father=absolute authority • Could sell family into slavery • Could kill w/out penalty • Roman women had higher positions than Greek women Religion • Early Romans worshipped nature/spirits • Borrowed Greek gods (Zeus and Jupiter) • Believed in foretelling the future Army • Well trained • Deserter = death • EVERY MALE citizen served • Legions (multitude) of 5000 men in units of 60-120 men Punic Wars • Began in 264 BC (lasted until 146 BC) • Between Rome and Carthage • Officially were 3 Punic Wars • Second Punic War: • Mastermind was Carthaginian general Hannibal • Goal: avenge Carthage’s early defeat Hannibal • Assembled a HUGE army • Capture ROME! • Initially, Hannibal was successful • Rome had many allies that offered support • Third Punic War: • Rome TRIUMPHS – Set Carthage afire and sold 50,000 inhabitants into slavery Outcomes • Rome dominates Western Europe • Set out to conquer Eastern Europe • Will stretch the Roman Empire from Anatolia (present day Turkey) to Spain