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Key terms: Italy’s Geography Latins Patricians Plebeians Coach Smith Italy is a country in western Europe. Coach Smith Italy is a boot-shaped peninsula in western Europe. Italy is a long, narrow, boot-shaped peninsula extending into the Mediterranean Sea. The seas and the Alps mountains in the north protected Italy from most invaders. Coach Smith Rome was a city-state located on a fertile plain in the middle of Italy. Coach Smith The Latins were a group of people who lived on a plain called Latium in Italy. They learned many ideas from their Greek neighbors. The Etruscans lived in the north. The Etruscans conquered Rome and the plain of Latium. Coach Smith The Etruscans conquered Rome and the plain of Latium. Coach Smith The early Roman city-state contained two main social classes: patricians (wealthy landowning families) and plebeians ( small farmers, craftsmen, and merchants). Eventually, the Romans overthrew their Etruscan king and made Rome into a republic. A republic is a form of government where citizens have political power. Coach Smith A republic is a type of government in which a few people represent many people. Rome was a republic and the United States is a republic. Coach Smith In 509 B.C., the patricians rebelled against their cruel Etruscan king and established a republic. In a republic, citizens vote to elect representatives. The Roman Republic lasted from 509 B.C. to 27 B.C. – almost 500 years. Coach Smith Only patricians were allowed to vote. They were from the oldest and richest families in Rome. They made up only 10% of Rome’s population. Coach Smith The Plebeians were citizen-soldiers. The Patricians needed them to defend Rome. Coach Smith In 494 B.C., the Roman Republic gave the plebeians the right to elect two tribunes. These two representatives protected the rights of the plebeian class. The tribunes could veto any law they did not like. The senate could only pass laws to which the tribunes said yes. Coach Smith The Roman Senate was a governing body. Coach Smith List two geographic features of Italy and state an effect for each. Who were the Latins? Describe Rome’s Republic. How did Patricians differ from Plebeians? Why did Plebeians gain greater political rights? What were tribunes? Define veto. Coach Smith