Download Ancient Rome and East Christianity

500 B.C.E – A.D. 500
 The student will be able to
demonstrate knowledge of ancient
Rome from about 700 B.C.E. to 500
C.E. in terms of it’s impact on
Western civilization by:
 Assessing the influence of geography
on Roman economic, social, and
political development
 Explaining the social structure and
role of slavery, significance of
citizenship, and the development of
democratic features in the
government of the Roman Republic
 Sequencing events leading to the
Roman military domination of the
Mediterranean Basin and Western
Europe and the spread of Roman
culture in these areas
 Essential Questions:
 How was geographic location
important to economic, social, and
political development of ancient
Rome?
 How did the government of the
Roman Republic become more
democratic?
 Why was Rome able to conquer
Carthage and then go on to extend its
influence across the entire
Mediterranean basin and much of
Western Europe?
 Cities
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Rome
Alexandria
Antioch
Byzantium
Carthage
 Seas
 Mediterranean
 Black
 Mountains
 Carpathian Mountains
 Rivers
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
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Po
Tiber
Nile
Danube
Rhine
 Questions:
 What are the advantages
of Rome’s location?
 What are the
disadvantages of Rome’s
location?
 Features
 Boot-shaped Peninsula
 Disadvantages
 Sea access
 Limited land
 Italian Peninsula
 Few resources
 Apennine Mountains
 Successful agriculture
 Alps Mountains
 Located North of Rome
 Advantages
 Easy movement
 Alps Mountains offered protection
 Sea access
 Located in the center of the
Mediterranean
 Sea-borne commerce
Objectives:
6.1a To describe how geography inf luenced Rome’s
development
6.1b What were the major features of the Roman Republic
To describe how the Punic Wars helped increase Roman
power
 First settlers were prehistoric
 Three main groups of Earliest
settlers
 Latins
 Greeks
 Etruscans
 1000 to 500 B.C.E.
 Latins
 Farmers, Sheppards
 Wandered from Alps around 1000
B.C.E.
 Settled on Tiber River in Latium,
built original Rome
 Settlement on Palatine Hill
 1st Romans
 Greeks
 750- 500 B.C.E. settled
Sicily and southern Italy
 Prosperous cities and
commercially active
 Brought into contact
with Greek civilization
 Copied Greek Gods and
legends
 Etruscans
 Native to Northern
Italy
 Skilled metalworkers
and engineers
 Influenced Roman
civilization
 writing system = Roman
alphabet
 Architecture = use of
the Arch
 Etruscan rituals to win
favor of Gods
 Etruscan Kings
 600 B.C.E. 1st Etruscan
becomes king
 Hilltop villages grow to
massive city that covered 500
square miles
 Ordered temples and the
Forum to be built
 Last king Tarquin the Proud
 Harsh tyrant
 Overthrown in 509 B.C.E.
 Rise of the Republic
 Romans never wanted a king
again
 Established a new government
 A republic
 Power rests with citizens who
have sole right to elect leaders
 Political Groups
 Patricians
 Aristocratic landowners
 Powerful nobility
 Held most power
 Inherited power and status
 Plebeians
 Common farmers, artisans, and
merchants
 Majority of population
 Citizens of Rome
 Barred by law from holding
most government offices
 Formed Tribunes
 Representatives
 Protected Plebeian rights
 Slaves
 Not based on race
 Often military prisoners
 Twelve Tables
 Plebeian forced
written law
 451 B.C.E.
 Established that all
free citizens had right
of the protection of
law
 Consuls
 “monarchy” branch
 Elected 2
 Commanded army
 Directed government
 Term only 1 year, could not be
reelected for 10 years
 Could veto each other
 “balanced” government
 Had the best features of
monarchy, aristocracy, and
democracy
 Senate
 “aristocratic” branch
 Legislative and administrative
functions
 300 members
 Membership for life
 Assemblies
 Citizen-soldiers
 Plebeian controlled
 Centuriate and Tribal
 Dictator
 Appointed in times of crisis
 Absolute power
 Only lasted 6 months
 Chosen by consuls, elected by
senate
 Who could be citizens?
 Males only
 Patricians
 Rights and
Responsibilities of
Citizenship
 Plebeians
 Pay taxes
 Selected Foreigners
 Serve in the military
 NOT SLAVES
 All citizens who owned land
required to serve in army
 To secure certain public
offices 10 years in army
required
 Organized into legions
 Each legion had 5,000
infantry and calvary
 Battle strategy:
 Three lines
 1st: youngest and strongest
 3rd: most disciplined
 Each legion divided into
centuries of 80 men
 Conquering Italy
 Dominated peninsula by 4th
century B.C.E.
 390 B.C.E attacked by the
Gauls, sacked Rome
 Romans quickly rebuilt and
established control
 Defeated Etruscans and Greek
city-states
 Three categories for subdued
territory
 Latins
 Full citizens
 Territories farther from Rome
 No right to vote
 Everyone else
 Allies of Rome
 Commercial Networks
 Roman merchants moved
by land and sea
 Traded Roman wine and
olive oil
 Rome and Carthage
competed for trade
 War
 Carthage, a power
Phoenician colony fought
for trading control
 264-146 B.C.E. = three wars
 1st Punic War
 3rd Punic War
 lasted 23 years
 149 B.C.E.
 Control of Sicily
 Carthage no real threat
 Carthage defeated
 Cato: “Carthage must be
destroyed”
 2nd Punic War
 218 B.C.E.
 Hannibal
 Invaded Italy, 10 years
 Battle of Cannae, 216 B.C.E.
 Scipio attacked Carthage
 202 B.C.E. Hannibal
defeated
 Set on fire, citizens
became slaves
 After the Punic Wars,
Rome dominated the
Western Mediterranean
 Expanded trade and
wealth for Rome
 Rome next looked to
conquer the East and by
70 B.C.E. Rome
controlled the entire
Mediterranean
 Who?
Rome vs. Carthage
 When?
264-261 B.C.E.
 Cause?
Control of Mediterranean
 Things to Know:
 Series of three wars : Rome wins ALL
 Rome’s victory= dominance of Mediterranean
 Hannibal was famous general from Carthage
 Carthage is destroyed and no longer a power
 Benefits for Rome:
 Rome expands into Africa, Asia, and Europe
 The student will be able to
demonstrate knowledge of ancient
Rome from about 700 B.C.E. to 500
C.E. in terms of it’s impact on
Western civilization by:
 Assessing the influence of geography
on Roman economic, social, and
political development
 Explaining the social structure and
role of slavery, significance of
citizenship, and the development of
democratic features in the
government of the Roman Republic
 Sequencing events leading to the
Roman military domination of the
Mediterranean Basin and Western
Europe and the spread of Roman
culture in these areas
 Essential Questions:
 How was geographic location
important to economic, social, and
political development of ancient
Rome?
 How did the government of the
Roman Republic become more
democratic?
 Why was Rome able to conquer
Carthage and then go on to extend its
influence across the entire
Mediterranean basin and much of
Western Europe?