Download Roman Baths

C 11: Mediterranean Society: The Roman Phase
Innovation: The Arch and the Dome
Colosseum: 70-80 CE
Roman Arch: Spain
Corbel Arch: Mesoamerica
Naumachia: simulated naval battles in the Colosseum
Roman Baths
Circus Maximus: Chariot race track 2000 ft long/ 400 ft wide: 27,000 spectators
Roman Road: Pompeii
At peak: Roman Roads = 54,000 miles
Roman Milestone
Roman Milestone
Pantheon: temple of the gods
How did the Roman Republic
treat conquered peoples?
How did this change with the
transformation to empire?
Expansion of Republic w/ military threats and incentives: tax
Incentives/ trade privileges/ promise of citizenship/ let them govern
Their own affairs/ couldn’t make a military alliance with anyone else/
had to provide soldiers and military support for the empire
Empire (Caesar): gave citizenship to provinces
Empire (Augustus): more centralized…
Theme 1
Geography
Religion/
Belief Systems
Theme 2
Theme 2
Achievements
Mediterranean- eventually would include are as far east as
Anatolia/Armenia, south to Egypt, present day Morocco, Britain
and Wales: 2.2 million square miles at its height
Polytheism: Roman deities/ many adopted from Greece/
Stoicism: adopted from the Greeks: active life, help others, scorn
accumulation of wealth, live by reason according to nature
Cults: Isis
Judaism (Romans had problems w monotheism & refusal to accept
state gods) Romans eventually crush Jews (66-70CE); Essenes/ Dead
Sea Scrolls
Religions of Salvation:
Mithraism: no women, appealed to military, adopted from
Zorastrianism and emphasized strength and courage
Christianity: moral code, divine nature of Jesus, New Testament
records teachings= Romans crucify him (Paul of Tarsus??) Variation
on doctrine/ rituals/ resurrection/ role of women…
Establishment of Republic/ Senate/ Consuls/ Tribunes/ Empire
Roman constitution, Roman Law: 12 Tables/ “Innocent Until
Proven Guilty”, right to challenge your accuser in court/ Road
system/ Extensive trade/ Architecture: Concrete, Arch,
Aqueducts, Fountains, Forum, Stadiums, Public Baths and
Sewers/Postal System/ Well Organized military/ Navy
The Christian Martyr’s Last Prayer” 1883
Policies
?
Political
Systems
Theme 3
Economic
Systems
Theme 4
Theme 5
Social
Systems
Monarchy: Republic: Empire/ Punic Wars/Carthage? /
Expansion of republic? /Gracchi Bros/ Sulla? Civil Wars
Julius Caesar? Killed 44 BCE /Augustus? (Octavian)27 BCE
“monarchy disguised as a republic” died 14 CE
No private armies/ 12 Tables/ Pax Romana 117 CEperiod of great expansion/ no policy for dealing with
domestic unrest….. Only “Bread and Circuses”
(Evolution of treatment of conquered peoples??)
Patrician
?
Plebians?
Consuls?
Senate?
(Effects?)
Tribune?
Dictator?
Republic: agriculture/ latifundia?/ problems with land distribution/
Empire: Mare Nostrum: Navy = trade free from pirates/ economic
Specialization/ wealth of Rome fueled great urban development/ Roads,
communication, mileposts, services encouraged growth of trade
Taxes and tribute collected
Great wealth encouraged conspicuous consumption/ wealth in
provinces encouraged growth of cities there/ development of
infrastructure there
Pater Familias!!
Patricians/ Plebians/ Women did have influence in domestic sphere/ one
third of the population were slaves
Internal unrest: rebellions of the plebians/ land issues/ slave revolts
(Spartacus: army of 70,000 slaves)
Immigrants were attracted to Rome/
population at height= 60-100 million
Punic Wars: 264 -146 BCE
•70,000 soldiers and 37
elephants crossed the Alps
into Italy
• Romans spread salt in Carthage
• Rome eventually defeats
Carthage for control of
Mediterranean
•Hannibal drinks poison
rather be controlled by the
Romans
Structure of Government
Consuls
Senate
• Chosen by the Senate
• 2 chosen each year
• Head of State – commanded army
• Could become Dictator for 6
months in times of need
• Main lawmaking body
• 300 Patricians appointed for life
• Controlled foreign affairs
• Selected Dictator
• Veto (I forbid) power over Senate
Assembly
Tribunes
• Elected by the Plebeians
• 2 to 10 Chosen by Plebeian Council
• Approved Consuls
• Could Veto actions of the Consuls
and the Senate
• Later given power to pass laws
(For Adult White Male Citizens)
Roman Law: The Twelve Tables
•
Finally in 450B.C. the laws were engraved on 12 bronze
tablets called the Twelve Tables. They were displayed
in the Forum, so all citizens could see their rights.
• First written law code in Rome – written in 451 B.C.E.
• All Free citizens had equal protection under the law.
• Protected the rights of the Plebeians
Marriages between plebeians
and patricians are forbidden
An obviously deformed child must
be put to death.
A person who admits to owing money or has been adjudged to owe money must
be given 30 days to pay.
If a father sells his son into slavery three times, the son shall be free of his father