Download The Founding of Rome

The Founding of Rome
Chapter 11.1
Tennessee Social Studies
• 6.61 Explain how the geographical location of ancient Rome
contributed to the shaping of Roman society and the expansion of its
political power in the Mediterranean region and beyond. (E, G, P)
• 6.62 Explain the rise of the Roman Republic and the role of mythical
and historical figures in Roman history, including Romulus and
Remus, Hannibal and the Carthaginian Wars, Cicero, Julius Caesar,
Augustus, Hadrian, Aeneas, and Cincinnatus. (C, G, H, P)
• 6.71 Explain the spread and influence of the Roman alphabet and
the Latin language, the use of Latin as the language of education for
more than 1,000 years, and the role of Latin and Greek in scientific
and academic vocabulary. (C, H, G)
• 6.72 Compare and contrast the Roman gods and goddesses to the
Greek gods and goddesses, including Jupiter, Mercury, Venus,
Mars, Neptune, Saturn, Pluto, and Hera and their inclusion in
modern society.
The Beginning of Rome
• Part One: What effect did geography have
on the rise of Roman civilization?
– Roman rule extended throughout much of
present-day Europe, Africa, and Asia
The Settling of Italy
• Reasons people settled in Italy
1. In Mediterranean Sea
2. Easy to travel to Africa, Asia, and Europe
Reasons People Settled in Italy
• 3. Mountain passages linked settlements
together
Reasons People Settled in Italy
4. Climate -Sunny, mild,
5. Fertile Farmland-mountain slopes level
off to large flat plains
Rome’s Location
• Rome is on Italian
Peninsula
– Looks like a boot
• Heel points to
Greece
• Toe points to the
island of Sicily
Rome’s Location
• Alps
– Located in Northern Italy
• Separate Italy from northern Europe
Rome’s Location
• Apennines
– Mountains that extend north to south
Rome’s location
• Volcanoes
– Dot southern Italy’s landscape
Rome’s location
• Rome
– 15 miles up the Tiber River
– City on 7 hills
– Rome’s location made it easy to defend
against enemy attacks
Roman Origins
• 1. The Aeneid written by Virgil
– Describes what happened after
Trojan War
– A Trojan named Aeneas
escaped from Troy carrying his
father
– Trojans settled in Italy and
waged war
– Aeneas married a local king’s
daughter
– United Trojans with Latinspeaking people
– Aeneas is know as the “father” of
Romans
•
Roman Origins
2. Legend of Romulus and Remus
– Twins
– Left beside the Tiber River after they were
born
– Cared for by a female wolf
– Raised by a shepherd and his wife
– When they grew up, they planned to build a
city along the Tiber River
– Argued about the city
– Remus made fun of the walls Romulus built
– Romulus kills Remus
– Romulus becomes king and names the city
of Rome after himself.
Roman Origins
• 3. Archaeological artifacts
–
–
–
–
Neolithic people may have settled in Itay in 5000 B.C.
Created farming villages
Latins settled in central Italy between 2000 B.C. and 1000 B.C.
One group build straw-roofed huts on Rome’s hills between 800 B.C.
and 700 B.C. which marks the birth of Rome and people became known
as the Romans
Influences of Greeks and
Etruscans
• Two groups moved into the
region where the Romans
lived.
– 1. Greeks
• Settled in farming villages in
southern Italy
• Introduced grape and olive
farming
• Passed Greek alphabet to
Romans
• Romans model their buildings,
sculptures, and literature after
Greeks
Influences of Greek and Etruscans
• 2. Etruscans
–
–
–
–
Etruscans settled north of Rome
Took control of Rome
Ruled by nobles that grew wealthy from trade and mining
Other Etruscans became artisans
• Worked with copper, iron, lead, and tin
• Made weapons, tools, and jewelry
Influences of Greek and Etruscans
• Etruscans influences
– Taught Romans to build with brick
– Drained the water from marshes
– Laid out city street
– Built temples
– Clothing-wearing short cloaks and togas
– Etruscan army served as a model for the
Roman army
Becoming a Republic
• Part two: How did
Rome become a
great power?
• Romans overthrew
Etruscan
• Started Roman
Republic
– A republic is a form of
government in which
citizens elect their
leaders
Becoming a Republic
• Rome fought many wars
• In 267 B.C. Rome controlled most of Italy
Becoming a
Republic
• Roman army
– Every male citizen
who owned land
had to serve in
army
– Soldiers were well
trained
• Deserters were
killed
• Strict discipline
ensure soldiers
loyalty to Rome
Becoming a Republic
• Roman Army
– Fought like Greeks
– Reorganized their soldiers into smaller groups
called legions
• Each legion had 6,000 men
• Further divided into groups of 60 to 120 soldiers
Becoming a Republic
• Roman Soldier
– Well armed
– Carried a short,
double-edged iron
sword called a
gladius and iron
spear called pilum
– Carried a standard
into battle
• Standard is a pole
topped with a
symbol
• Showed the
soldiers where
they were to be
• on the battlefield
Who Ruled Rome?
• Romans ruled effectively
– Built military outpost
– Built on strategic locations
– Built roads between settlements
– Treated conquered people fairly
– Created Roman Confederation
• Gave some peoples full citizenship
• They could vote and serve in the government
• Treated the same as other citizens under the law
Who Ruled Rome?
• Other conquered peoples
– Became allies or friends of Rome
– Paid Roman taxes
– Required to supply soldiers
– Free to manage their local affairs
THE REPUBLIC GREW STRONGER AND
MORE UNIFIED!