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Chapter 14 section 3
The Punic Wars
Conflicts with Carthage
By 264 B.C. Rome had conquered Greek
city-states in Southern Italy
Came into contact with Carthage
(Phoenician City in Northern Africa)
Carthage controlled- Spain, islands off the
coast of Italy, Sardinia and Sicily
Rome feels threatened
Carthage’s “Empire”
First Punic War
War breaks out in 264 B.C. It lasts for 23
years
Carthage’s strength is its navy
Rome’s strength is its army – later built a
navy modeled after the Carthaginian
warships
Added a corvus (bridge) to the ships that
allowed soldiers to board enemy ships and
fight hand to hand
Romans lost many ships during storms
during 1st war.
End result- around 241 B.C. Rome defeats
Carthage, terms of peace involved
Carthage left and gave up control of Sicily
Hannibal and the 2nd Punic War
War breaks out again in 218 B.C.
Carthage is lead by Hannibal Barca- he
attacks Rome from the North- came
through Spain and Gaul (France) crossing
Alps into Italy.
He used elephants to help his army cross
the Alps
Hannibal’s route
Hannibal fights his way through Italy until
he reaches Rome’s gates
Carthage did not have the equipment and
supplies to break down the city walls
Hannibal and his army wander around
southern Italy for about 15 years, raiding
smaller towns
Rome attacks Carthage and Hannibal is
called to go back home to help defend her.
Hannibal loses his first battle- at the town
of Zama, and Carthage’s power is broken
201 B.C.- Carthage agrees to pay Rome
money and give up its territories including
Spain
End of 2 Punic Wars
Rome gains territory
in Spain- so the
republic is growing in
size and power.
3rd Punic War
Peace last for 50 years
Carthage starts to regain some of its
power
Rome attacks in 149 B.C.- they burned
Carthage and plowed salt into their fields
so nothing would grow
People of Carthage either killed, or
captured and sold into slavery
Problems with Corinth
146 B.C.- Greek city Corinth gives Rome
some problems- by refusing to obey
Roman orders
Rome attacks Corinth and burns it to the
ground
Rome already controlled Macedonia and
Syria- now Greece came under its power
and control
Rome after 3rd Punic War
Chapter 14 Section 4
After the Punic Wars …
Changes
Adding new territories brings changes to
agriculture
Small farms replaced by large estate like farms
called Latifundias that produced crops and
livestock for sale
Rome begins to import wheat from Sicily and
North Africa
Much of the land was ruined in Rome because
farmers burned the crops and fields when
Hannibal and his army were living off the land
during the 2nd Punic War
Rome begins to enslave the people that were captured during times
of war to work on the latifundias
Farmers sell their land and move into the city.
Living conditions were crowed and unsanitary
Disease such as typhus was common
The typhus symptoms include gastrointestinal disorders, headache,
dry hacking cough, nausea, joints pain, and back ache. The major
symptom in this kind of typhus is a persistent fever up to 105-106
degrees. The duration of the fever may be anywhere between 12-15
days. There may be rashes of dull rash color on the body. Some
other typhus symptoms are delirium, stupor and low blood pressure.
The epidemic typhus symptoms are more or less same including
fever and rashes.
No industry is Rome- most businesses were staffed by Greek slaves
Farmers got money by selling votes to politicians
Rome expands borders- demand taxes
and enslave those who were conquered.
Tax collectors were called publicans- they
paid ahead of time for contracts but would
collect extra money from the conquered
people.
Roman farmers lost their land as well as
their political and economic independence
Roman luxuries could be imported from
elsewhere- leaving the Roman merchants poor.
Artisans lost business because rich Romans
wanted items from Syria and Greece
Government officials were getting rich, but not
fixing problems
The gap between rich and poor was getting
larger
This leads to political instability