Download Ch. 5-1

Ch. 5-1
The Roman World Takes
Shape
Roman Civilization
Arises in Italy
»Rome is near the center of
Italy
»Location was good for
expansion
»Rome was protected
Unifying the Lands of
Italy
»Italy was easier to unify then
was Greece
»Mountains are not as big
»There are not as many valleys
»Fertile land to the north and
west, promoted population
growth
Early Peoples Settle
Italy
» 800 B.C. Latins migrated to Italy
» Settled near Tiber River
» Lived as herders and farmers
» Legend says it was found by
Romulus and Remus
» Others around:
» Greek Colonist
» Etruscans
» Carthaginians
The Romans Establish a
Republic
»Romans drove out Etruscan
rulers 509 B.C.
»Founding of the Roman state
which lasted 500 years
»People chose some officials
»Romans believed that a
republic would keep one person
from getting too much power
Structuring the
Republic
» Senate made the laws
» 300 patricians, or land-holding upper
class
» Senators nominated two consuls
» Supervise business and command army
» Limited time and two of them = checks
and balance
» During War
» Elect a dictator
» Ruled for 6 months
» Like Cincinnatus did = like George
Washington
Plebeians Fight for
Their Rights
»Plebeians = farmers,
merchants, and artisans had
rights but little influence
»Eventually gained the right to
elect tribunes
»Tribunes were to protect plebeians
interest
»Could veto bad laws
»450 B.C. go the right to appeal
a patrician judges decision
Romans Leave a
Lasting Legacy
»Common people gained access
to power without actually
going to war
»2,000 years later, many parts
were adopted to the U.S.
Constitution
»Senate, the veto, and checks on
political power
Characterizing Roman
Society
»Family was important
»Male was the head of the
household
»Women again followed the
men
The Role of Women
Changes Over Time
»Roman women played a larger
role then did Greek Women
»Could own property, could run
businesses, but most women
worked at home
»Patrician women
»Went out for diner, went to public
baths, and attended the theatre
Romans Educate Most
Children
»Girls and Boys for the upper
and lower classes learned to
read and write
»Some hired private tutors,
often Greeks
Roman Mythology and
Religion
»Believed in many gods and
goddesses
»Greeks = Zeus - Romans =
Jupiter
»Greek = Hera - Romans = Juno
»Greek = Poseidon - Romans =
Neptune
Citizen-Soldiers Make
Up the Roman Army
»Basic unit was a legion = 5,000
men
»First, fought for no pay
»Eventually got a stipend
»Show courage = gifts
»Run away = death
Roman Is Just With
Conquered Lands
»Conquered had to pay taxes,
supply soldiers, and
acknowledge Roman
leadership
»Some given full citizenship
»Others partial
»Allowed to keep customs, money
and local government
Maintaining the State
»Built roads
»Posted soldiers throughout the
land
»Many brought Latin into their
languages
»Adopted many Roman customs
and beliefs
»Italy began to unite under
Roman rule