Download Chapter 9 Section 2 The Roman Republic Pages

Chapter 9 Section 2
The Roman Republic
Pages 426 - 434
Section Goals
• discuss the factors that helped
shaped the development of the
Roman republic & a system of
laws
• Describe how Rome destroyed
Carthage & took control of the
Mediterranean region
The Roman Republic
• 1) What is a patrician?
• Wealthy landowners
• Made of most of Rome’s
ruling class
The Roman Republic
• 2) What is a plebeian?
• artisans, shopkeepers &
owners of small farms
• Plebeians were the
majority of Rome’s
population
The Roman Republic
• 3) How was Rome’s
gov’t a tripartite?
• A 3 part gov’t
– 1 group ran the gov’t
– 1 group made the laws
– 1 group acted as judges
• Checks & balances kept
one group from getting too
strong
The Roman Republic
• 4) Who were the
consuls?
• the top gov’t officials
• 2 consuls were chosen
every year – always were
patricians
• Had really short terms so
they didn’t abuse their
power
The Roman Republic
• 5) What was a praetor?
• Important Roman officials
• Their core task was to
interpret the law & act as
judges in court cases
The Roman Republic
• 6) What was Rome’s
most important
legislative body?
• the Senate
• A select group of 300
patricians who served for
life
• Senate proposed laws, held
debates & approved
building programs
The Roman Republic
• 7) What happened to
the plebeians in 494
B.C.?
• Plebeians felt that patricians
had too much power
• They went on strike – refused
to serve in army & left the
city to set up their own
republic
• The patricians were
concerned & allowed
plebeians representation in
the gov’t
The Roman Republic
• 8) What was the most
far-reaching political
reform in Rome?
• In 287 B.C. the Council of
Plebs was finally allowed to
pass laws for all Romans
• This was important because
it gave all male citizens
equal standing
The Roman Republic
• 9) What is a
dictator?
• A Roman dictator had
complete control over the
gov’t but they only ruled
for a temporary time
during emergencies
• As soon as the danger had
past, Roman dictator
would give up their post
The Roman Republic
• 10 ) Who was
Cincinnatus?
• Best known early Roman
dictator
• Became dictator in 460 B.C.
when Rome was facing a
powerful enemy.
• Cincinnatus left his farm,
gathered an army & quickly
defeated the enemy
• Then he gave up his
dictatorship & returned to his
farm
• Many people admired
Cincinnatus for his actions
The Roman Republic
• 11) What are the
Twelve Tables?
• Rome’s first code of laws
• The 12 Tables became the
basis for all future Roman
laws
• The 12 Tables said that all
free citizens had the right
to be treated equally by the
legal system
• The rule of law is the key
ideas that we get from the
Romans & remains the
basis of our legal system
The Roman Republic
• 12) Where was
Carthage?
• Carthage was the largest &
riches city in Northern
Africa on the coast
• It had been founded by the
Phoenicians in 800 B.C.
• Carthage ruled a huge
trading empire &
controlled the spread of
goods in Southern Europe
& Northern Africa
The Roman Republic
• 13) What was the
First Punic War?
• Both Rome & Carthage waned
to control the island of Sicily &
war broke out in 264 B.C.
• Rome sent an army to protect
Sicily which made Carthage
very mad
• Rome had to build a navy to
confront Carthage at sea
• The war lasted 20 years before
Rome finally won & forced
Carthage to leave Sicily & pay
a huge fine
The Roman Republic
• 14) What was the
Second Punic War?
• To make up for losing
Sicily, Carthage expanded
into southern Spain
• Rome was NOT happy
about this
• Rome helped the people
living in Southern Spain
rebel against Carthage
• To punish Rome,
Carthage sent its greatest
general to attack Rome
• This started the 2nd Punic
War
The Roman Republic
• 15) Who was
Hannibal?
• The general sent by Carthage
to attack Rome
• His strategy was to take
fighting into Italy itself
• Hannibal’s army had 46,000
soldiers, horses & 37 elephants
• He landed in Spain & marched
east to Italy
• Hannibal’s forces suffered
many losses while crossing the
Alps mountains
The Roman Republic
• 16) What is the
Battle of Cannae?
• A battle in 212 B.C.
between the Romans &
Hannibal in southern
Italy
• The Romans suffered
heavy losses
• Hannibal’s army began
raiding most of Italy
after they won
The Roman Republic
• 17) What did the
Romans do after
they lost the Battle
of Cannae?
• The Romans worked to
gather another army
• In 202 B.C. the Roman
forces were led by a
general named Scipio
• Scipio took the Roman
forces to invade Carthage
• This forced Hannibal to
leave Italy & head home to
help defend Carthage
The Roman Republic
• 18) What was the
Battle of Zama?
• In the Battle of Zama,
Scipio defeated Hannibal’s
army in Carthage
• Carthage gave up control
of Spain to Rome
• As punishment, Rome
forced Carthage to give up
their navy & pay a heavy
fine
• Rome finally became the
ruling power in the
Mediterranean
The Roman Republic
• 19) What was the 3rd • In 146 B.C. Carthage once
Punic War?
again tried to attack Rome
• Roman soldiers burned
Carthage & enslaved more
than 50,000 men, women &
children
• Legend said that the Romans
even covered the land with
salt so that no crops could
grow in Carthage
• Carthage became a Roman
province
The Roman Republic
• 20) What does mare
nostrum mean?
• Mare nostrum means “our
sea”
• Rome began calling the
Mediterranean Sea “mare
nostrum”
• During the Punic Wars,
Rome also battled for
control of the eastern
Mediterranean
• By 129 B.C. Rome gained
its first province in Asia
giving them complete
control of the
Mediterranean area
Review Info!!!
• Roman Stoic
• 19) What other ideas
philosophers urged
did Rome “borrow” people to participate in
from Greece?
public affairs, civic duty
& to treat enslaved
people with respect