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The Renaissance: A Rebirth of Greece and Rome World History-Schoellhorn Waking Up from the Dark Ages • At the end of the Middle Ages, the church began to lose power. – – – – Couldn’t stop the plague Became power hungry and corrupt Uneducated people bought their way into the church. Couldn’t regain the Holy Land • People began to “wake up” from the dark and see the light. – Realized the church couldn’t give them all the answers. – Realized people like Muslims were doing well studying Greek and Roman advances. – Began searching for new knowledge, breaking away from the church. There’s No Place Like Rome • People in Europe realized that before the dark ages, the Greeks and Romans had been pretty smart. – Began studying ancient Greek and Roman ideas to find new answers the church couldn’t provide. – Developed new ideas that were Secular: not based on religion. Renaissance: The Rebirth • Renaissance means “rebirth” or “reawakening” in French – Began around 1400 AD, 1000 years after Rome fell!. – During this time period, people were “waking up” from the dark ages – Roman and Greek ideas were “reborn” and “reused” across Europe. For Example: Hello Humanism! • The Ancient Greeks believed in Humanism • Humanism: The belief that humans and their lives are more important or equal to religious/supernatural things. – Basically, humans were as awesome, if not more awesome than the gods and should be studied, celebrated. What do Humanists believe? • • • • God/gods made humans God/gods gave humans talents God/gods gave humans an earth. Therefore….. – Humans are awesome, not evil (like the church said) – Humans should use/show off those talents. – Humans should learn about their earth. • Anatomy • Biology • Science A picture is worth a thousand words • One of the best ways to see the Greek belief in humanism is by looking at their art. – You can actually see the Renaissance happening! • For example, what does this sculpture say about the people who created it? – How do they view themselves? Let’s Recap of the Classics….. • Classical: Art, architecture or ideas from or inspired by Ancient Greece and Rome. – Believed humans were awesome. – Explored man’s abilities – Man was made by the gods….gods were awesome…so man was awesome! Show that body off! – During the Renaissance, humanism led to a “rebirth” of the classical style and the philosophy of humanism The Body Beautiful • During the Renaissance, humans (especially artists) adopted the ideas of humanism. – Began viewing humans as beautiful, not ugly or sinful like the church said they were. – During the middle ages, the church required all people to be covered up in art. • During the Renaissance, nudity was accepted to show off the body. Wait…Why do the Classics include Greece AND Rome? • Roman artists, sculptors and architects copied Greeks as the standard of excellence. • Roman art looks more real, to celebrate personality of a person. The Awesomeness of Classical Art • Classical Greek/Roman artists show the belief of humanism. – Made sculptures/art look as real as possible, almost impossibly real. – Showed talent and skill – Nudity was fine, showing off the body – Gods were okay to show in art, made to look like man The Church Changes the Middle Ages • Constantine legalized Christianity in 313 AD. • When Rome fell, Christianity remained the most powerful thing in Europe, even controlling the art. • Christians did not want to look like polytheistic Romans. – – – – – No more statues No more realism No more humanism NO more gods/goddesses Absolutely NO nudity The Rules of Religion • During the M.A., focus of art was on Christianity, Bible stories, and churches. – Used mainly to tell a story or teach a lesson, NOT show talent. • Art didn’t completely die during the Middle Ages, but humanism did. • Showing off your talent was a sin, vanity. – Only create art to tell a story or message, not to show off. • Art was used as control to scare ignorant people. What Happened?! Before Rome fell… After Rome fell, during the Middle Ages Ancient Rome….. Middle ages Charlemagne is the Exception • Charlemagne wanted to “recreate” Rome. • Used Roman and Greek styles in art and architecture….until his empire fell. • The Middle Ages ALMOST ended early under Charlemagne Secular Studies • Humanists of the Renaissance began studying/painting things that weren’t religions. • Secular: Non-Religious. – Some even included Greek and Roman gods/goddesses in their work. – Celebrate THIS life, not worry about the afterlife. It First Came to Florence • Florence, Italy: The Birthplace of the Renaissance. – Really close to Rome, the inspiration for the Renaissance. – Italy never really used Feudalism, actually had money to spend on art/artists. – Not really supervised by the church, allowed freedom of new ideas. • The Commercial revolution made middle class people wealthy with money to spend on nice stuff…..like art. Meet the Medici • Medici’s were a banking in Florence family, loaned money to other city states. • When someone wanted to attack the Medici, they called in that city-state’s loans. So…no one ever attacked them. • Medici used their wealth as Patrons to local artists like Michelangelo. They sponsored the Renaissance. Why Was it Easy for the Italians? • The Renaissance began in Italy because…. • 1. No Feudalism, lots of money • 2. Most people already spoke Latin/Greek, could read classical texts without translation. • 3. Surrounded by Classical art/architecture, easy to copy and change. The Medici chapel designed by Michelangelo • How can you see humanism and classical influence here? The Return of the Amazing Architecture! • Even Greek and Roman architecture was reborn during the Renaissance. • What do you see in this building that shows classical Greek/Roman influence? How does this…. Compare to this? Humanism Everywhere! • Artists weren’t the only ones using humanism as their inspiration. • Writers, scientists and even rulers began using humanism to figure out how to be the best humans possible. Writing in the Renaissance • Literature in the Middle Ages became focused on humans and individuals. • Niccolo Machiavelli – Writer from Florence – Friend of the Medici family – wrote “The Prince” examining how a king should rule as a human being. • Is it better for a ruler to be loved or feared by his people? A Whole New World • During the Renaissance, Europe woke up from the Dark Ages by returning to the classical styles and ideas of Greece and Rome. • We can see this the most in the art, architecture and literature (culture) of the Renaissance.