Download Powerpoint notes on Rome/Byzantine

The Classics:
Ancient Rome
Italy (750 BCE):
Early People
• Rule by Etruscans (Asia
Minor)
– Greek influence
• Monarchy
• Tiber River
• Romans drove out
King (509 BCE)
• Beginning of
Roman state
The Roman Republic (509 B.C.E – 27 B.C.E)
(officials chosen by the public)
Senate: law-making body
– Patricians: landowners
upper class
• made laws, served for life
– Plebeians: majority;
farmers, merchants,
artisans
– Slaves: lowest class of
society, prisoners of war,
plebeians enslaved for debt,
no legal rights
Patricians
Plebeians
Slaves
*During times of war,
Senate may choose a
dictator to rule
The Roman Forum
Twelve Tables of Law
(451 B.C.E)
• Rome’s 1st
written legal
code
• Laws were
displayed in the
forum
Why is this a major
breakthrough?
264 BCE
146 BCE
Do Now:
What happened
between 264 BCE –
146 BCE?
Post-Punic Wars:
Roman Empire (146 BCE)
Punic Wars (264 BCE-146 BCE)
Wars fought b/w Rome & empire of Carthage (Hannibal)
•
Effects of Roman Victory:
1.
Roman Empire expands: Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica,
Carthage
Why were they so victorious?
Highly trained and organized army; Naval power
•
Assimilation of conquered
– ex: citizenship, taxes, army, retain customs
2. Spread of Hellenistic culture (cultural diffusion)
3. Trade/Commerce increases
• New wealth (land)
4. Creation of Latifundia (estates of land)
• Worked by slaves (pow’s)
• Small farmers can’t produce goods as cheaply as
latifundia
– face debt, sell land
– move to Rome, look for jobs
» mob violence
» Republic fails to stop violence!
4. Civil War
•
Who should hold power?
– Senate or leaders seeking reform?
• Commanders had ideas for Rome!
Julius Caesar
• victorious commander/conqueror
• famous
• forces Senate to make him dictator
(48 BCE)
Roman Empire (44 BCE)
The Roman Empire (27 BCE-476)
• Rome’s 1st Emperor
(end of Republic)
– Octavian Augustus
• foundation for
stable government
• His rule began a
period known as
Pax Romana –
“Roman Peace”
– Golden Age
Rome’s Early Road System
Roman Aqueducts
The Roman Coliseum
The Coliseum Interior
Task: Based on your understanding of the Roman
Empire/Pax Romana complete the following task:
– Create a SKIT illustrating this time
period in Roman history (27 B.C.E. – 476)
Directions:
– Pretend that you are living in the Roman
Empire.
– Create a skit that focuses on 3 (min.)
characteristics of the Roman Empire.
– Skits must be realistic and historically
accurate.
Be creative and have fun with the assignment!
Examining The Roman Empire
For each group, identify the characteristics of the Roman Empire presented!
Group:
1
2
3
4
Characteristics of the Roman Empire:
Quick-Write:
What was life like under the
Roman Empire?
Based on your reading/notes and
class performances!
Homework:
– Would you rather be ruled by a foreign
power and live well or by your own
people and live with less?
• Explain and defend your position with your own
examples & examples from the reading.
• Due Thursday
The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire
Do Now:
What was the religion of the
early Roman Empire?
What effects did Roman Rule have
on the Jews…
• When the Romans capture Palestine (69 BCE)
Jews excused from worshipping city gods
• Jewish revolts (66)
–Independent state!
• Romans force Jews off their land ~ “Diaspora”
(scattering of the Jews)
–“Messiah would arrive one day to
lead us [Jews] to freedom”
–Jesus preaches new beliefs (26),
founder of Christianity ~
proclaims to be the Messiah that
the Jews were waiting for
The Rise of Christianity
The Spread of Christianity
Do Now:
Why did Christianity spread?
The Beatitudes
Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the
kingdom of heaven. Blessed are the meek: for they
shall possess the land. Blessed are they who mourn:
for they shall be comforted. Blessed are they that
hunger and thirst after justice: for they shall have
their fill. Blessed are the merciful: for they shall
obtain mercy. Blessed are the clean of heart: for they
shall see God. Blessed are the peacemakers: for they
shall be called the children of God. Blessed are they
that suffer persecution for justice’ sake, for theirs is
the kingdom of heaven.
“Love Your Enemies”
1. A new command I give you: Love one
another. As I have loved you, so you must
love one another (John 13:34).
2. But I tell you who hear me: Love your
enemies, do good to those who hate you,
bless those who curse you, pray for those
who mistreat you (Luke 6:27-28).
3. Bless those who persecute you; bless and do
not curse (Romans 12:14).
The Neronian Persecution:
Fire in Rome (64)
“There had been no attempt to dismiss the
suspicion that the fire had been started at
the Emperor’s command. Therefore, to
quiet the rumor, Emperor Nero cast the
blame and punished a people called
Christians that were hated for their
crimes. Christianity, this noxious
superstition broke out in Rome, and those
who confessed were convicted not because
of arson but for hatred of the human race.”
“To their sufferings was added mockery, for
they were sewn into the beasts and torn to
pieces by dogs. Many died on the cross, or
as the stake. Others, as day passed, were
burned to illuminate the night. Nero gave
his gardens for the spectacle and put on a
circus, himself mingling with the crowd in
the costume of a charioteer.”
“The blood of the martyr is the
seed of the Christian Church”
• 313 AD – Edict of Milan (Emperor
Constantine)
– Freedom of worship; toleration
– Constantine moves capital of empire to
Constantinople; eastern portion of
empire becomes the center of power!
• 392 AD – Christianity becomes the
official religion of the Roman Empire
Diocletian Splits the Empire (294 CE)
Christians as Persecutors
1. Heretics are “ravening wolves and treacherous
spirits which hide within the name of Christian
and infest the flock of Christ.”
2. “The Jews are no longer entitled to any
privileges because they disowned Him, who
had honored them and given them privileges;
and instead of showing Him reverence, they
humiliated Him, by shamefully putting Him to
death on the cross.”
3. “Woman’s only purpose was to tempt man
from following the true path of righteousness.
Their seductive powers were so great that they
could cause even angels to sin.”
“The Fall of Rome”
What would cause a powerful
empire to collapse?
CAUSES FOR THE
FALL OF ROME
Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c
The Byzantine Empire:
The Surviving Eastern Roman Empire
• Capital: Constantinople
• Preservation of Greek/Roman culture
• Influence spreads to Russia (religion)
The Byzantine Empire
How they were different from the Romans
• Religion/Culture
• Government/Law
Justinian
&
Theodora
A Divide in Christianity ~ Schism
(1054)
CHRISTIANITY
ROMAN
CATHOLIC
EASTERN
ORTHODOX
Christian Differences
Roman Catholic
Eastern Orthodox