Download Chapter 7-8 - Notes

Chapter 7/8
New Nation
1. The Report on Public Credit was authored by
________________________________.
2. Name one individual who opposed the creation of the B.U.S.
3. The “midnight appointments” made by ____________________ when
leaving office sparked the case of ________________ vs.
_________________.
4. Why did France sell the land involved in the Louisiana Purchase to the
US?
5. What ship was set on fire by Lt. Decatur during the Tripolitan War in
1804?
6. President Jefferson sent his private secretary to explore the lands
beyond the Mississippi River. What was the name of this man?
7. Who was John Jay? – what position in government did he hold?
8. The War of 1812 was fought between what nations?
9. Jefferson would have argued for ____________ interpretation of the
Constitution.
10.How did Washington respond to the Whiskey Rebellion?
Early American Problems
1.
2.
3.
4.
the nation was severely in debt – economic
depression set in
England – refused to appeal Navigation Acts,
armed Natives along frontier, did not remove
troops from posts along Mississippi
Barbary Pirates attack ships in Mediterranean
Sea
Spanish closed Mississippi from New Orleans
Making the Government Work
• In 1789, George Washington was elected
unanimously by electoral college – set
precedents as the nation’s first President.
• John Adams was the first Vice-President.
• New York City was the first capital of the
U.S.
• Washington appointed four men to his first
Cabinet.
Am I a Federalist or a Republican?
1. Francois Goulet
4. Hans Gruber
•
Farmer from Georgia
• German immigrant
•
5th grade education
• Pennsylvania farmer
2. Brandon Smith
5. Sally Moore
•
Lawyer from Boston, MA
• Mother of five
•
College graduate
• Employee of a Massachusetts textile
mill
3. John Marshall
•
Virginia planter
•
College graduate
•
Future Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court
•
Believed that the judicial branch was
too weak
6. James Prescott
• Banker from Delaware
• Member of the Delaware state
legislature
7. Mary Worthington
• Merchant from South Carolina
• Sells mainly European products
New Nation
• French Revolution p. 317, p. 332
• British relations p. 319, p. 360
French Revolution p. 317, p. 332
France
Department of
the Navy 1798
John Adams
XYZ
What should happen to you if…
-You called the president a "repulsive
pedant (nitpicker), a gross hypocrite and an
unprincipled oppressor“?
James Callender was fined and jailed for 9 months.
-You accused the president’s administration
of "ridiculous pomp, foolish adulation, and
selfish avarice”
Matthew Lyon was fined $1,000 and jailed for 4 months
Alien and Sedition Acts
• Passed in preparation for an anticipated war with France
• provided for some of the first testings of the limits of
freedom of speech and press.
• Passed by Federalists
• Federalists – viewed the persistence of their party as the
equivalent of the survival of the republic
• Jeffersonian Republicans – favored by immigrants
ANTI-IMMIGRANTS SENTIMENT –
No need to "invite hordes of Wild Irishmen, nor the turbulent and disorderly of all the
world, to come here with a basic view to distract our tranquillity.” – Federalist
Congressman
The harsh public antagonism of the 1790s
largely came to an end with the victory of the
Democratic- Republicans in the 1800
election. "The Revolution of 1800
Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien Act (officially An Act Concerning Aliens) authorized the
president to deport any resident alien considered "dangerous to the
peace and safety of the United States."
activated June 25, 1798
two year expiration date.
Sedition Act (officially An Act for the Punishment of Certain
Crimes against the United States) a crime to publish "false,
scandalous, and malicious writing" against the government or certain
officials.
enacted July 14, 1798
expiration date of March 3, 1801
Alien and Sedition Act
Jefferson confirmed the new definition of
free speech and press as the right of
Americans "to think freely and to speak and
write what they think."
British relations p. 319, p. 360
Jay’s Treaty
Chesapeake
Impressment
Embargo Act
Judiciary Act - 1789
Established:
Supreme Court
13 district courts
3 circuit courts of appeals
Domestic Policy - Washington
Raising Revenue
Alexander Hamilton – Head of Dept. of Treasury
Goals:
Strong federal banking system, stable currency,
debt repayment to establish good reputation with
other nations
• Report on Public Credit
• Report on Manufactures
BUS – Bank of the United States -> big controversy!!!!!!!!
Issue was whether Constitution should be strictly adhered to or if elastic
clause allows for it
Dealing with Debt
Congress passed a bill in 1791 setting up
national banking system.
The Bank of the U.S. was able to:
- print paper money
- use paper money to pay its bills
- make loans to farmers and
businesses
Whiskey Rebellion
•
•
•
•
Whiskey Rebellion, 1794
first test for new federal government.
Angry farmers in Western Penn. rebelled at tax
Why?
– They were dirt poor, and simply could not afford to
pay the tax.
– Unfair that tax placed on poor farmer not merchant. It
also planted the seeds for the first liberal/
conservative split, that would wage even until today.
• Washington led 13,000 federal troops (in
uniform) in putting down rebellion.
Foreign Policy - Washington
The French Revolution (1789-1793)
• Americans supported
revolution in its early
stages – saw themselves
in the situation.
• Support soured when
Reign of Terror began –
King and Queen were
executed
• Britain and France began
to war (1793-1815).
Which side should we
take?
Neutrality
• Neutral = not take sides – HARD TO DO!
• Relied on trade with both.
• Edmond Genet – French ambassador
overestimated American sympathy for France.
Recruited active American support
• Washington demanded his recall.
• Issue Neutrality Proclamation - 1793
Northwest Territory
• Americans
were being
attacked by
Native
Americans –
attacks were
encourage by
British
•Natives defeated in Battle of Fallen Timbers –
1794.
•Forced to sign Treaty of Greenville to sell off large
chunks of land North of the Ohio River.
Jay’s Treaty
• Chief Justice of Supreme Court – sent to
Britain to work out a treaty
– Britain agreed to leave the forts it occupied in
Northwest Territory
– Britain refused to end impressment - British
commanders board American ships in search
of Royal Navy deserters
– Great controversy arose at home – many
Americans saw it as a betrayal of
revolutionary ideals.
Hamilton
Jefferson
Describe the events of the Whiskey Rebellion. Did
Washington act appropriately in this situation?
What is impressment?
John Adams
XYZ Affair – French
agents demanded bribes
from American
delegates in Paris –
1797
Delegates refused
Nation prepares for war
with France
Undeclared naval war in
Caribbean
Convention of 1800 –
avoided all-out war
Order and Describe:
Washington’s Farewell Address
XYZ Affair
Jay’s Treaty
Neutrality Proclamation
REMEMBER THAT ADAMS KEPT US OUT OF
WAR WITH FRANCE – COST HIM HIS
POLITICAL CAREER.