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21世纪行业英语系列教程
THE HUMAN BODY
人体探秘
上海交通大学出版社
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Human organs
The basic unit of the human body
Small intestine
Introducing a new book
Organ systems
The human framework
Writing an introduction to the heart
1. Starter—Human Organs
A. Look at the picture of human
organs and match them with the
names.
appendix
small intestine
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stomach
large intestine
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A. Look at the picture of human organs
and match them with the names.
1.
stomach
2. large intestine
3.
small intestine
4.
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appendix
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B. Fill in the names of the organs
given below according to the order.
larynx
lung
nose
larynx
1. nose
_____ → 2. pharynx (咽) → 3. _____
lung
→ 4. trachea (气管) → 5. _____
bladder
kidney
kidney → 2. ureter (输尿管) →3. _____
bladder
1. _____
→ 4. urethra (尿道)
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Info Box
• Organ: a relatively independent
part of the body, which is made up
of a group of tissues (组织) and
carries out one or more specific
functions (特定机能). Examples of
organs in human are eyes, ears,
lungs, and heart.
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2.The Basic Unit of the Human Body
David has just come back after school and is
talking to his mother.
Listen to the conversation and fill in the blanks.
Mother: How was your day, son?
David: Great, Mother! Today we had the first
biology lesson.
topic
Mother: A new lesson? What was the (1)_____?
smallest
David: The topic was “Cell”! It’s the (2) ______
unit of our body.
Mother: Do you know how many cells there are
in the human body?
David: (3) 10 to 100
trillion! It’s so amazing!
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Mother: That’s really a big number!
David: Yes, it’s hard to believe that there are so
many cells in the human body! And some (4)
organisms
_______ are composed of a single cell.
Mother: It’s true! The word “cell” comes from
original meaning is “a small
Latin and its (5) ________
room”.
Wednesday the cell
David: Oh, I see! Next (6)________
________
structure under the microscope! I just can’t
wait!
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Notes
1. How was your day, son? 今天过得怎么样，
儿子？
本句是打招呼用语，在日常口语中还可以说：
How are you? /Hello! 从交际角度来说，这些
说法的功能是一致的。
2. Today we had the first biology lesson. 今天
我们上了第一堂生物课。
注意have a lesson 与give a lesson 的区别。
学生上课，用have a lesson；老师上课，用
give a lesson。
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3. Small Intestine
Listen to a short passage and complete
the notes.
Small Intestine
Location:
between
the stomach
_____________and
the
large intestine
Length:
about
5 meters long (in adults)
__________
Function:
break
down food into small
___________
compounds
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Tape scripts
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Tape script
The small intestine is a narrow, winding tube
in our body. It is located between the stomach
and the large intestine. The small intestine is
the longest part of the digestive tract. In adults
it is about 5 meters long, with a normal range
of 3-7 meters. The small intestine can be
divided into three parts. Each part has its own
character and function.
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The small intestine is responsible for breaking
down food into small compounds. In this way,
they can be absorbed, get into the bloodstream,
and become the source of energy for the body.
Usually it takes three to six hours for the food
to pass through the small intestine.
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Notes
1. It is the longest part of the digestive tract. 它是消化道中最
长的一部分。
注意本句中最高级的用法。其基本用法如下：
英语形容词最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，形容词最高级前
一般要加the，并附带介词短语、从句或所有格短语表示最高级
的比较范围。本句用介词短语of the digestive tract点明比较范
围。再如：
This is my busiest day. 这是我最忙的一天。
I am the tallest in our class. 我是班里个子最高的。
Racing is the most enjoyable sport I know. 赛跑是我所知道的
最有趣的运动。
2. Usually it takes three to six hours for the food to pass
through the small intestine. 通常食物需要3至6小时才能通过小
肠。
本句中to pass through the small intestine是不定式短语，前置
名词the food是逻辑主语，执行to pass through the small
intestine这一谓语动作。
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4. Introducing a New Book
Mark is talking about a new book with
Lucy. Work in pairs to complete the
dialogue with the right sentences given
below and role-play it.
A. That’s true!
B. That’s unbelievable!
C. How was your
weekend?
D. Let me show you more.
E. It was my birthday
present from Dad.
F. There must be lots of
interesting things inside!
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C
Lucy: Hi, Mark. (1) ____
Mark: Hi, Lucy! I spent a nice day reading a new
E
book. (2) _____
Here it is.
F
Lucy: The Human Body Encyclopedia? (3) ____
A
Mark: (4) _____
You know it’s amazing to find
that everyone has 206 bones and 600 muscles.
And do you know what the strongest muscle in
our body is?
Lucy: The muscles in the legs and arms?
Mark: No. It’s the tongue!
B
Lucy: The tongue? (5) _____
Mark: There are so many unbelievable facts
D
inside! (6) _____
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5. Organ Systems
Read the following passage and do the exercises.
As we all know, the cell is the basic unit of our human body.
Large numbers of cells make up certain kinds of tissues which
combine and form organs. Certain types of organs further
combine and form a system, namely the organ system.
Generally speaking, there are 10 organ systems in the human
body. They are the circulatory system, respiratory system,
digestive system, urinary system, nervous system, endocrine
system, reproductive system, immune system, skeletal system,
and muscular system. Some organ systems are quite familiar to
us and we can feel their activities. Take the respiratory system,
for example. We breathe day and night. On the other hand,
some organ systems, such as the endocrine system, are a bit
strange to us. We cannot feel the endocrine glands working in
our body.
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Translation
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A. Complete the following graph according
to the passage.
System
organ
tissue
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organ
tissue
tissue
tissue
cell
cell
cell
cell
cell
cell
cell
cell
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B. Match the ten organ systems with
their Chinese names.
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f 1. circulatory system
a. 生殖系统
g 2. respiratory system
b. 泌尿系统
c 3. digestive system
b 4. urinary system
c. 消化系统
d. 骨骼系统
j 5. nervous system
e. 内分泌系统
e 6. endocrine system
f. 循环系统
a 7. reproductive system
g. 呼吸系统
i 8. immune system
d 9. skeletal system
h. 肌肉系统
h 10. muscular system
j. 神经系统
i. 免疫系统
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Notes
1. Large numbers of cells make up certain kinds of tissues
which combine and form organs. 大量的细胞构成某种类型的组
织，各类组织再共同形成不同的器官。
本句主语是Large numbers of cells，谓语是make up，certain
kinds of tissues which combine and form organs是宾语，其中
which combine and form organs 是限制性定语从句，修饰名词
tissues。
2. On the other hand, some organ systems, such as the
endocrine system, are a bit strange to us. 另一方面，有些器
官系统对我们来说相对陌生，例如内分泌系统。
on the other hand意为“另一方面”，表示这句的意思与前一句形
成对照。类似的例子有：Some people like coffee, but on the
other hand some like tea. 有些人喜欢咖啡，而有些人喜欢茶。
3. We cannot feel the endocrine glands working in our body.
我们无法感知内分泌腺在机体内的活动。
注意这句句子的谓语结构。谓语feel带宾语the endocrine
glands 和宾语补足语working in our body。在结构上，本句也
可转换为宾语从句：We cannot feel that the endocrine glands
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Translation
器官系统
众所周知，细胞是人体的基本单位。大量
的细胞构成某种类型的组织，各类组织再
共同形成不同的器官。特定种类的器官进
一步组合形成系统，即器官系统。
一般而言，人体拥有十大器官系统，它们
分别是循环系统、呼吸系统、消化系统、
泌尿系统、神经系统、内分泌系统、生殖
系统、免疫系统、骨骼系统和肌肉系统。
有些器官系统对我们而言非常熟悉，并能
感觉到它们的活动，例如呼吸系统。无论
白天还是夜间，我们都在呼吸。另一方面，
有些器官系统对我们来说相对陌生，例如
内分泌系统。我们无法感知内分泌腺在机
体内的活动。
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6.The Human Framework
Read the following passage and do the exercises.
Why do we humans grow into the shape we do? Why do we
stand rather than creep like animals? What enables us to move our
heads, hands, and legs, and all the other parts of the body?
The answer is the skeleton, the human framework. The skeleton
is all the bones in our body put together. With it, all of our blood
and tissues are formed into the shape we have. With it, all of our
muscles are well arranged to have the whole body move together.
Besides, the framework contains the vital organs inside so as to
protect them from injury.
The skeleton is made up of several important elements including
bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments. Bones are the key
element of the skeleton. A newborn baby may have as many as 350
bones. However, when he grows up his body has only 206 bones,
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Translation
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A.Read the passage and list at least three
functions of the skeleton according to the
passage.
For Reference Answer
B. Look at the picture of the human skeleton
and find the right names for the five parts
with the words given below.
1.femur
2.vertebral column
3.sternum
4.rib
5.cranium
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1. Enable a human
to stand straight
2. Enable a human
to move the body
3. Protect the vital
organs inside
from injury
4. Shape the face
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1.
Back
cranium
2.
sternum
3.
rib
4.
vertebral column
5.
femur
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Notes
的。此外，这种用法的不定式前可以加上so as to 或 in order to，
起强调目的的作用。如：Besides, the framework contains the
vital organs inside so as to protect them from injury. 此外，人体
构架将重要脏器包裹起来以保护其免受外界伤害。
3. However, when he grows up his body has only 206 bones, as
some bones join together. 但当他长大后，部分骨骼相互连接而最
终减少为206块。
本句中as some bones join together 中的as表示原因。
4. The femur, the bone hidden inside the thigh, is the longest
bone in the human body. 股骨位于大腿内部，是人体内最长的骨
头。
注意：名词短语the bone hidden inside the thigh是主语Femur的同
位语。值得注意的是，中国学生受汉语影响，很少使用同位语，遇
到同样的意思时，我们很可能会选择从句形式，如：which is the
bone hidden inside the thigh。对比本句中的英文，体会中英思维
表达方式间的差异。
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Translation
人体构架
人类为什么会长成现在模样？我们为何能够直立而不是像动物那样爬
行？是什么让人类得以转动头颅、手脚和身体的其他部位？
答案就是骨架，即人体的构架。骨架是指我们身体中所有骨头的集
合。有了骨架，我们的血液和组织才能够形成现在的形状，有了它，
我们全身的肌肉编排才会有序，才能协调我们身体的运动。此外，人
体构架将重要脏器包覆起来以保护其免受外界伤害。
骨架由骨、软骨、腱和韧带等几个重要元素组成的。骨是骨架的重要
组成部分。新生儿一般拥有350多块骨头，但当他长大后，部分骨骼
相互连接而最终减少为206块。
我们身体大部分的运动都是由胳臂和腿来完成的，因此胳膊和腿上的
骨也最多，而且其中多数为长骨。股骨位于大腿内部，是人体内最长
的骨头。脊柱由26块骨组成，担负着支撑躯干结构并容纳重要神经的
责任。胸腔由胸骨和肋骨包裹而成，容纳了心脏、肺等重要生命器
官。最后，我们的头部也有20多块骨，其中头盖骨遮盖着大脑，其他
骨头则构成脸部。
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7. Writing an Introduction to the
Heart
Write an introduction to the organ of the heart
according to the information given below.
A sample is provided below for your
reference.
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system
cardiovascular system
location
inside the thoracic cavity,
between lungs
function
pump oxygen-rich blood
throughout the body,
pump the oxygen-poor
blood into the lungs
anatomy
4 chambers: 2 atria and
2 ventricles
frequency
60-100 beats per minute
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Sample
The stomach is an organ of the digestive
system. It is located in the abdominal cavity
(腹腔) between the esophagus (食道) and the
intestines. The organ stores, mixes, and digests
the food we eat. It is a saclike ( 囊 状 的 )
muscular bag and can be divided into four parts.
They are cardia (贲门), fundus (基底), body,
and pylorus (幽门). Usually, the stomach may
digest the food as fast as in 40 minutes or as
long as in a few hours.
For Reference Answer
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Reference Answer
The heart is the organ of the cardiovascular
system. It is located between the two lungs
inside the thoracic cavity. The heart is
responsible for pumping blood in two directions.
It pumps oxygen-rich blood throughout the body
so as to meet the needs of organs all over the
body. The oxygen-poor blood flows back to the
heart and then is pumped into the lungs for
further gas exchange. The heart can be divided
into four chambers, two upper chambers called
atria and two lower chambers called ventricles.
A normal heart beats 60 to 100 times per
minute.
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8. Supplementary Reading
Read the passage and decide whether the following
statements are true (T) or false (F).
( F) 1. DNA is the basic unit of chromosome, which
further forms genes.
(F ) 2. Chromosomes are packed in bundles inside
the nucleus.
( T ) 3. Parents and their children share the same
characters through biological heredity.
( F) 4. DNA is composed of nucleotides and bases.
( F ) 5. J. Watson won the Nobel Prize for finding
the hereditary function of DNA.
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DNA
DNA is not a new word to us and its significance has been well
recognized. Why has DNA become so popular in natural science?
What’s the importance of DNA for each of us? Let’s find the
answer from the beginning. Here are some basic facts about DNA.
DNA is the abbreviated form of deoxyribonucleic acid (脱氧核糖核
酸). The picture above shows the relationship between the basic
units of our body. It is quite clear that a certain length of DNA linear
sequence makes up a gene. Large numbers of genes are packaged
in bundles to form the chromosome (染色体), which is located
inside the nucleus (细胞核) of the cell. It is DNA that carries the
genetic information in the body’s cells. It is responsible for the
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9. Surfing the Internet
Can you name the organs of the endocrine
system? Can you find them in your body? Do
you know their functions? Search the
Internet and find out the answers.
http://www.innerbody.com/image/endoov.html
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10. Enjoying Yourself
Look at the two pictures and become
familiar with the names of the body parts. Try
them in your own body.
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THE HUMAN BODY
人体探秘
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上海交通大学出版社
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