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Multicellular Organisms live in & get Energy from a variety of Environments • Multicellular organisms meet their needs in different ways • Plants are producers • Animals are consumers • Most fungi are decomposers Multicellular organisms meet needs in different ways • Have cells that are SPECIALIZED – In multicellular organisms, different jobs are done by different (specialized) cells. • Are ADAPTED to live in different ENVIRONMENTS • SEXUAL REPRODUCTION leads to DIVERSITY SPECIALIZED CELLS • Cells in multicellular org. are specialized for specific jobs. (skin, muscle, nerve) • Groups of similar cells form tissues. • Different tissues working together form organs; organs working together form organ systems. • Together cells->tissues-> organs->organ systems form organisms • Nervous system: helps respond to changing conditions • Muscular system: allows movement & gives heat • Circulatory: delivers oxygen & removes carbon dioxide ADAPTED to live in different ENVIRONMENTS • Adaptation = inherited characteristic that increases chance of an organism’s surviving & producing offspring that also reproduce. • May be how it gets energy, processes materials, shape/structure of body, or a form of behavior. • If this difference gives organism an advantage, offspring will survive & reproduce more. • Digestive :breaks down food into usable forms • ORGAN SYSTEMS let multicellular organisms get ENERGY, process lots of materials, respond to environmental changes, and reproduce. ADAPTED for different ENVIRONMENTS • Different species of fox have different adaptations that let them survive in different environments. • FENNEC FOX: a desert fox, large ears (releasing lots of heat) and sand colored fur • ARCTIC FOX: small ears,legs & nose (keeps heat in). White winter fur for snow. • RED FOX: In grasslands & woodlands; average ears, reddish brown fur tipped in white & black for blending in. • Adaptations due to differences in genetic material SEXUAL REPRODUCTION leads to diversity • Multicellular organisms reproduce sexually; genetic material of 2 parents comes together giving offspring with genetic material from both. • MEIOSIS: special form of cell division that makes sperm cells in males & egg cells in females; these sex cells only have 1 copy of DNA (other cells all have 2 copies) • FERTILIZATION: sperm combines with egg to make 1 fertilized cell with DNA from both parents (1/2 from egg; ½ from sperm) • One fertilized cell becomes 2; then 2 becomes 48163264 and so on. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION • As cells divide, they start to specialize & different tissues & organs form. • Many multicellular organisms can reproduce by asexual reproduction. • Budding = second organism grows off, or buds, from another. • Asexual reproduction can occur quicker & more often, but limits diversity (have same genetic material as parents). • In sexual reproduction, there is a chance for a new combination of characteristics in offspring, which may help it in some way.