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Chapter 10
Respiratory System
ROOTS
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Naso, rhino- nose
Oro- mouth
Stetho, thoraco- chest
Bronchi, broncho- bronchus
Bronchiolo- bronchiolus
Laryngo- larynx
Pharyngo- pharynx
Pleura- pleural membranes of the lungs
Pneuma, pneumo, pneumato, pneumono, pulmo- lungs
Tracheo- trachea
Components of the
Respiratory System
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Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
Thorax
Diaphragm
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DEPEND ON
ONE ANOTHER
BREATHING
• ______________/_______________:
Inhaled oxygen fills the lungs where the
RBCs pick it up and bring it to the cells
of the body via the pumping action of the
heart.
• ______________/_______________:
Oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide
which is transported back to the lungs by
the blood and exhaled from the body.
Oxygen/Carbon Dioxide Exchange
Capillary Beds
O2 CO2 Exchange
NOSE
• Entrance for _____, exit for ________.
• Nose and respiratory tract are lined with
____________________________ mucosa which filters out
dust and foreign matter.
• Nose __________ and _____________ the entering air
• Mucosa has ____________ receptors for _____________.
(_________________________________________)
• ______________ are the openings to the airways (nostrils)
• _________________ AND __________________________
vary with species
– __________ has very pliable and expandable nostrils (no
______________ breathing)
Gettin’ Nosey
PHARYNX – (THROAT)
• Communicates with the _________ chambers,
__________, _______________ tubes and
____________.
• Upper portion is attached to base of ________,
lower portion unites with _________________.
• 3 parts:
______________________(nose)
_____________________(mouth)
_____________________ (larynx)
• Passageway for _____ and ______
EUSTACHIAN TUBE
(pharyngotympanic tube)
Serves to equalize
pressure on both sides of
tympanic membrane.
LARYNX
• “______________” and passageway for air
• Located “____________” (caudal to) pharynx
• _________________Cartilaginous structure
that prevents _______ from entering the
___________ during ________________.
• Sound is produced by air passing through the
____________ (vocal folds & space) at the
_________________ causing vibrations.
• Phonation
• _________= Organ in birds that produces sound
BIRDS - SYRINX
Birds: SYRINX (trachea > bronchi)
TRACHEA
• “____________”
• Tube of __________ muscle and
C-shaped rings of
________________.
– Rings help to prevent
____________
• Stretches from ____________
to _____________.
– lined with ___________
membrane.
Collapsing Trachea
BRONCHI
• The C-shaped rings continue from the trachea and become
___________ rings as they enter the _________.
• Trachea divides into the
– _____________ on the right and left sides as they enter the lungs
• site of division is called the ________________
• Lined with ______________ mucous membrane
– Further divide into the ___________ bronchi which branch into
– ___________(which further branch into even smaller bronchioles)
– Aveolar ducts terminate into ______________________: walls
composed of MANY ALVEOLI (________________,
____________________-lined spaces)
• ______ and ________ are exchanged in the __________sacs
• No rings in alveolar ducts, sacs, or alveoli
LUNGS
• Primary structures of _______________ system
– Base lies on cranial surface of __________________.
– Contain _______
(most species: _____ Left = cranial, caudal lobes;
____ Right = cranial, middle, caudal, accessory)
– Very light and spongy consistency
– Paired; contain hundreds of millions of _________
and ________________.
– Function = ______________________
Lobes of the Lungs
LUNGS
• Encased in _______________________
(a serous membrane)
• Thoracic cavity lined with ____________
pleura.
– Membranes reduces ______________ during
respiration
– Space between is _____________ cavity or
______________ space
THORAX
• ___________ cavity; ________ cavity
• _______________ membranes divide it into
right and left pleural cavities.
• ______________________
• Area between the lungs
• Contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea,
bronchi, nerves, arteries, veins, lymph vessels and
lymph nodes
MEDIASTINUM
DIAPHRAGM
• Thin sheet of ____________ muscle that
separates the _____________ and
_________________cavities.
• Dome-shaped when ____________; flat when
_____________________.
• Attaches to ____________ vertebrae, lower
ribs, and ______________.
• Most important muscle of respiration
– Inspiration = contracted, flattened, lowered
– Expiration = relaxed, raised
DIAPHRAGM