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Chapter 10 Respiratory System ROOTS • • • • • • • • • • Naso, rhino- ___________ Oro, Stom, stomat- ________________ Stetho, thoraco- _______________________ Bronchi, broncho- bronchus Bronchiolo- bronchiolus Laryngo- larynx Pharyngo- pharynx Pleura- pleura Pneuma, pneumo, pneumato, pneumono, pulmo- ___________ Tracheo- trachea THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM _____________ ON EACH OTHER •http://www.bostonscientific.com/templatedata/imports/HTML/lifebeatonline/winter2007/l earning.shtml#fig1 BREATHING • Lungs inhale ___________, blood brings it to the cells of the body via the _______________ action of the heart, oxygen is exchanged for ______________ which is brought to the lungs by the blood and is ______________ from the body. OXYGEN EXCHANGE • Bright red blood arterial blood is only possible when hemoglobin and ______________ are combined. • Dark red venous occurs because the ________________ was delivered to the intended tissue and is no longer bound to hemoglobin. ORGANS • Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, – thorax, diaphragm (accessory) • Inhalation = _______________ (oxygen) • Exhalation = _____________ (carbondioxide) NOSE • Entrance for air, exit for carbon dioxide • Nose and respiratory tract are lined with ________ ___________which filter out __________ and ____________________________ • Nose warms and moistens the entering air • Mucosa has sensory receptors for smell (____________ receptors) • NARES are the openings to the airways • PLIABILITY AND EXPANDABILITY vary with species – horse has very pliable and expandable nostrils (no mouth breathing) PHARYNX - THROAT • Communicates with the___________,___________, eustacian tubes and larynx • Upper portion is attached to base of skull, lower portion unites with esophagus • 3 parts: – _______________ (nose) – _______________ (mouth) – _______________ (larynx) • Passageway for ________ and ___________________ EUSTACIAN TUBE PHARYNX LARYNX • _____________ and passageway for air • Located “below” (__________ to) pharynx • EPIGLOTTIS (_____________ ) ______________ food from entering the airway • Sound is produced by air passing through the __________________ (vocal folds & space) at the vocal cords BIRDS - SYRINX Birds: SYRINX (trachea > bronchi) TRACHEA • Windpipe • Tube of _________ and C-shaped rings of_______________ • From Larynx to bronchi: lined with mm. Collapsing trachea 1.Normal Tracheal Ring 2.Collapsed Tracheal Ring 3.Collapsed Trachea BRONCHI • The C-shaped rings continue from the trachea and become ______________ rings as they enter the lungs • Trachea divides into the – _________________________ on the right and left sides as they enter the lungs (site of division is called the bifurcation), – Further divide into the ________________________________ – _________________________________________________ – NO RINGS: Aveolar ducts >> ALVEOLAR SACS: walls composed of MANY __________________ (Squamous, epithelial lined spaces) • Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the ____________________ LUNGS • Primary structures of respiratory system – Paired • Encased in__________________________ – ______________ pleura – Thoracic cavity encased in ______________ pleura – Reduces friction during respiration – Space between is __________________________ • Exchange of gases THORAX • Chest cavity • Membrane: serous membrane – ______________ pleural cavity – ________________ pleural cavity – Mediastinum • _________, thymus, esophagus,_____________, bronchi, nerves, arteries, veins, lymph vessels and _______________________ MEDIASTINUM
