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Chapter 18
Tumour immunology
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Immune surveillance/immunoediting
Oncogenic viruses
Tumour antigens
Human tumour-associated antigens
Immunodiagnosis
Immunotherapy
Tumor vaccines
Gene therapy
Immune escape mechanism
Basic concepts of tumour immunology
• Tumors can be initiated by environmental factors and by viruses.
• Transformation involves changes in expression of normal cellular
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genes. Genetic alterations (mutation, gene amplification,
chromosomal deletion or translocation) are found in most, if not all,
tumors.
The altered proteins in tumor cells are antigenic for host immune
responses.
Tumor cells are attacked by the cellular immune system.
Tumor cells may escape the host immune responses.
Immunological methods are important in the therapy, diagnosis, and
prevention of cancer.
There are two-ways interaction between the tumor growth and the
immune system in the immunocompetent host.
Immunogenicity vs. tumorgenicity
in tumor immunology :
• Host recognition of tumour and adaptive
immune responses based on:
• Alteration of cells which undergo neoplastic
transformation
• Its ability to evoke immune responses and the
effective of this immunity.
Figure 12-37
Figure 12-46
Figure 12-49
Immunological escape of tumour cell
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Tumor kinetics (sneaking through)
Antigenic blocking
Antigen shedding
Induce host suppression
Loss of MHC class I molecule
Loss of adhesion molecule LFA-1
Acquire CD44 to increase metastasis
The Three Phases of the Cancer Immunoediting Process