Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download An introduction to immunology
Document related concepts
DNA vaccination wikipedia , lookup
Lymphopoiesis wikipedia , lookup
Psychoneuroimmunology wikipedia , lookup
Immunosuppressive drug wikipedia , lookup
Immune system wikipedia , lookup
Monoclonal antibody wikipedia , lookup
Major histocompatibility complex wikipedia , lookup
Adaptive immune system wikipedia , lookup
Innate immune system wikipedia , lookup
Cancer immunotherapy wikipedia , lookup
Molecular mimicry wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
BASIC IMMUNOLOGY COMPILLATED BY CHANIF MAHDI Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 Outline of the talk • • • • Definition of Immunology History of immunology Innate and adaptive immunity Humoral and cellular responses – B and T cells (specific interactions) • Cancer • HIV/AIDS Pierre Dönnes [email protected] Andreas Hildebrandt [email protected] Annette Höglund [email protected] Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 Immunology • Immunology is the study of our protection from foreign macromolecules or invading organisms and our responses to them. • Host – e.g. me!!!! • Foreign macromolecule, antigen – e.g. virus protein, worm, parasite (Everything that should not be in my body) Pierre Dönnes [email protected] Andreas Hildebrandt [email protected] Annette Höglund [email protected] Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 A Short History of Immunology • ~ 430 B.C: Peloponesian War, Thucydides describes plague – the ones who had recovered from the disease could nurse the sick without getting the disease a second time • 15th centurry: Chinese and Turks use dried crusts of smallpox as ”vaccine” • 1798: Edward Jenner – smallpox vaccine Pierre Dönnes [email protected] Andreas Hildebrandt [email protected] Annette Höglund [email protected] Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 Jenner - Smallpox vaccine • Noticed that milkmades that had contracted cowpox did NOT get smallpox • Test on an 8 year old boy, injected cowpox into him (NOT very nice……) • Follwed by exposure to smallpox • Vaccine was invented (latin vacca means ”cow”) Pierre Dönnes [email protected] Andreas Hildebrandt [email protected] Annette Höglund [email protected] Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 Pierre Dönnes [email protected] Andreas Hildebrandt [email protected] Annette Höglund [email protected] Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 Immunology history cont. • Since 1901 there have been 19 Nobel Prizes for immunological research. • Examples: Discovery of human blood groups (1930) and Transplantation immunology(1991) Pierre Dönnes [email protected] Andreas Hildebrandt [email protected] Annette Höglund [email protected] Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 The immune system Immune system Innate (non-specific) immunity Adaptive (specific) immunity •Anatomic barriers (Skin,mucous membranes) •Antigen specificity •Physological barriers (temperature, pH) •Immunological memory •Phagocytic Barriers (cells that eat invaders) •Diversity •Self/nonself recognition •Inflammatory barriers (redness, swelling, heat and pain) Pierre Dönnes [email protected] Andreas Hildebrandt [email protected] Annette Höglund [email protected] Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 Humoral and cellular immunity (antibody mediated or cellular) Pierre Dönnes [email protected] Andreas Hildebrandt [email protected] Annette Höglund [email protected] Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 B cells Surface bound antibody Antibody secreting B cell Antigen B-cell Soluble antibodies, circculate in the body Pierre Dönnes [email protected] Andreas Hildebrandt [email protected] Annette Höglund [email protected] Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 Antibody secreting B cell B-cell Virus killed Pierre Dönnes [email protected] Andreas Hildebrandt [email protected] Annette Höglund [email protected] Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 T cells • Two types: – Helper T cells (Th): activates other cells – Cytotoxic T cells (Tc): can kill other cells • T cells can only recognize antigens associated with certain molecules (MHC) Pierre Dönnes [email protected] Andreas Hildebrandt [email protected] Annette Höglund [email protected] Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 Presentation of antigens to T cells • Proteins (peptides) from inside the cell are presented by MHC I molecules to Tc cells. • Proteins (peptides) from the outside of cells are presented by MHC II molecules to Th cells. • MHC I on almost all cells • MHC II on specialized antigen-presenting cells Pierre Dönnes [email protected] Andreas Hildebrandt [email protected] Annette Höglund [email protected] Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 Antigen presentig cell Th MHC II + peptide Virus infected cell, cancer cell Tc Pierre Dönnes [email protected] MHC I + peptide Andreas Hildebrandt [email protected] Annette Höglund [email protected] Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 Pierre Dönnes [email protected] Andreas Hildebrandt [email protected] Annette Höglund [email protected] Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 Pierre Dönnes [email protected] Andreas Hildebrandt [email protected] Annette Höglund [email protected] Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 MHC molecules • Important to study what parts of a protein that binds to MHC molecules. • MHC I binds peptides with 8-10 aa • MHC II bind peptides with 12-25 aa • Potentials of peptide vaccines • Prediction of peptides is important!!!! Pierre Dönnes [email protected] Andreas Hildebrandt [email protected] Annette Höglund [email protected] Seminar Winter Semester 2002/2003 Cancer • The second ranking cause of death after heart disease in the Western world. • most organs and tissues in an organism are in balance (death and renewal) • cancer cells have no control in growth mechanisms, can expand to a large size producing a tumor Pierre Dönnes [email protected] Andreas Hildebrandt [email protected] Annette Höglund [email protected]
