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Introductory Psychology Concepts
Therapy and Treatment
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Class Title, Term/Semester, Year
Institution
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Introductory Psychology Concepts: Therapy and Treatment
Helping Individuals Change Behavior
Therapists use roughly 400 different varieties of psychotherapy to help
treat patients for their psychological problems.
Therapies for psychological disorders
Psychodynamic
Humanistic
Cognitive
Psychoanalysis
(Freud)
Client-centered
therapy
(Rogers)
Rational-emotive Classical
conditioning
therapy (Ellis)
Brief
Psychodynamic
Therapies
Gestalt therapy
(Perls)
Behavioral
• Exposure
Cognitive
therapy
(Beck)
• Systematic
desensitization
• Aversion therapy
Operant
conditioning
• Positive
reinforcement
• Punishment
Modeling
• Social skills
training
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Biological
Drug therapy
Electroconvulsive
therapy
Psychosurgery
Introductory Psychology Concepts: Therapy and Treatment
Psychological Perspective: Understanding and Treating
Abnormal Behavior in Terms of Psychological Events
Psychoanalytic Therapies (Freud):
• Abnormal behavior is a result of unconscious conflict
among the id, ego, and superego.
• Treatment involves relaxing the barriers of the conscious
mind and bringing unconscious conflicts into awareness.
• Methods include:
•
•
•
•
•
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Free association
Dream Interpretation
Resistance
Transference
Interpretation
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts: Therapy and Treatment
Psychological Perspective: Understanding and Treating
Abnormal Behavior in Terms of Psychological Events
Humanistic Therapies:
• Based on belief that humans are capable of controlling their
actions and responsible for their behaviors.
• Goal is to help an individual become more aware of
him/herself, to unblock inner resources for self-healing.
• Methods include:
• Client-centered Therapy
• Gestalt Therapy
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Introductory Psychology Concepts: Therapy and Treatment
Behavioral Perspective: Understanding and Treating
Abnormal Behavior in Terms of the Principles of
Learning
Methods include:
• Exposure and Response
Prevention
• Aversive Conditioning
• Systematic Desensitization
• Operant Conditioning
Techniques
• Modeling and Social Skills
Training
A behavior therapist guides and supports a
client with a dog phobia during an in vivo
exposure therapy session.
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Introductory Psychology Concepts: Therapy and Treatment
Biomedical Perspective: Understanding and Treating
Abnormal Behavior in Terms of Biology
Medical therapies are designed to change brain function in
order to treat psychological disorder.
Methods include:
• Drug Therapy
• Electroconvulsive
Therapy (ECT)
• Transcranial Magnetic
Stimulation (TMS)
• Psychosurgery
Prozac is a widely used (but still
controversial) antidepressant.
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Introductory Psychology Concepts: Therapy and Treatment
Cognitive Perspective: Understanding and Treating
Abnormal Behavior in Terms of Cognitive Events
Cognitive therapy is focused on teaching adaptive change
in thinking, and thus behavior.
Methods include:
• Ellis’s Rational-Emotive Therapy
• Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
Albert Ellis’s ABCD model describes his theory of the cause and remediation of
maladaptive emotional responses and behaviors.
A
The activating
environmental
event
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B
The beliefs
that are
activated by A
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C
The emotional
and behavioral
consequences
produced by B
D
The disputing
and changing
of B
Introductory Psychology Concepts: Therapy and Treatment
Group Perspective: Understanding and Treating
Abnormal Behavior via the Effects of Groups on
Abnormal Behavior
Therapies usually include groups of 6 to 8 clients with a
single therapist. Within a group, clients can experience
support, acceptance, and a sense of belonging.
Methods include:
Family therapists
• Group Therapy
• Family Therapy
• Marital Therapy
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focus on the total
pattern of family
interactions, and
they include the
entire family in
treatment.