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Transcript
Classical Conditioning in Dating • Make women/men love you! • Figure out the: • • • • • Neutral Stimulus UCS UCR CS CR Classical Conditioning in Dating Neutral Stimulus No response Classical Conditioning in Dating UCS UCR Classical Conditioning in Dating Neutral Stimulus and UCS UCR Classical Conditioning in Dating CS CR Classical Conditioning in Dating But. . . Day 1 Classical Conditioning in Dating But. . . Day 2 Classical Conditioning in Dating But. . . Day 100 Classical Conditioning in Dating But. . . Day 150 Extinction Or Or Or Or Second-order conditioning Something paired with the CS can itself begin to elicit the response Or Or Or Or Stimulus Generalization Stimuli like the CS well tend to elicit the same response as the CS Questionnaire Group Activity • Why do you think a person might have social phobia? • How would you cure a person with this problem? Classical Conditioning • Social Anxiety – Social Phobia • General Anxiety – Learned helplessness Classical Conditioning • Example: Little Albert Classical Conditioning • Phobias • Typically occur through association – The feared object is paired with an unpleasant feelings • Flooding • Systematic desensitization Classical Conditioning Food Deliver good news not bad news Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning • Edward Thorndike Gradually it escapes quicker A specific response become “strengthened” by being paired with a pleasant outcome Law of Effect • "Of several responses made to the same situation those which are accompanied or closely followed by satisfaction to the animal will, other things being equal, be more firmly connected with the situation, so that, when it recurs, they will be more likely to recur; those which are accompanied or closely followed by discomfort to the animal will, other things being equal, have their connections to the situation weakened, so that, when it recurs, they will be less likely to occur. • Note: It is missing information about the internal state of the animal – Thorndike used hungry cats and rats! Clark Hull Needs • Behavior is not just a function of the environment but also. . . • Properties of the organism All animals have certain needs (food) Creates drives (drive for food) Reducing drive (by eating) reinforces the behavior (eating) Learning • Both Hull and Thorndike felt their learning was the same as Pavlov’s classical conditioning Hot and Cold Game Skinner B. F. Skinner Noted differences between the types of learning. How is classical conditioning different then either Thorndike’s or Hull’s theories? Operant Conditioning • Classical = animal does nothing to its environment. • Operant = The animal alters its environment. Reinforcement Theory • Operant Conditioning – Used to control behavior • Behavior • Reward • Behaviors that are rewarded are more likely to be performed in the future Reinforcement Theory • Operant Conditioning Reinforcement Theory • Operant Conditioning Skinner Box Skinner Box Skinner Box Skinner Box • Sniffy Program Operant Conditioning • Superstitious behavior – Baseball players • Shaping behavior – Getting him to open the car door – Skinner legend Group Activity • Identify one behavior in yourself that you would like to change • Determine a system of rewards and punishments that you could use to change this behavior • Do you think this would work? Did Skinner really raise his daughter in a Skinner Box? Picture from Ladies' Home Journal: "Baby in a Box.” Question • Why are you going to college? • What are you dating someone? • Why are you listening to this lecture? • You do all of these things because of a long history of rewards and punishments! Classical vs. Operant Conditioning • Classical – “Reactions” to the world – Emotions – Traits: anxiousness, neuroticism, depression • Operant – “Actions” toward the world – Behaviors – Traits: Extraversion, argumentativeness, kindness Behaviorism • Pros – Controlling behavior – Focus on the observable • Cons – Mental life • Motivation • Thought • Cognition