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Learning Review Game
Test Tuesday
Once Pavlov’s dogs learned to salivate to the sound of a tuning fork,
the tuning fork was a(n):
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1. Unconditioned
stimulus
2. Neutral stimulus
3. Conditioned stimulus
4. Responsive
Stimulus
5. Conditioned
response
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Shaping is:
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1.
A pattern of responses that must
be made before classical
conditioning is completed
Rewarding behaviors that get
closer and closer to the desired
goal behavior
Completing a set of behaviors in
succession before a reward is
given
Giving you chocolate pudding to
increase the likelihood you will
eat more carrots
Inhibition of new learning by
previous learning
2.
3.
4.
5.
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5
John loves to fish. He puts his line in the water and leaves it until he feels a
tug. On what reinforcement schedule is he rewarded?
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1. Continuous
reinforcement
2. Fixed ratio
3. Fixed interval
4. Variable ratio
5. Variable interval
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5
Chimpanzees given tokens for performing tricks were able to put the
tokens in vending machines to get grapes. The tokens acted as:
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1. Primary reinforcers
2. Classical
conditioning
3. Secondary
reinforcers
4. Negative reinforcers
5. Unconditined
reinforcers
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5
Watson’s classical conditioning of “Little Albert” was helpful in
explaining that:
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1.
Some conditioned stimuli do not
generalize
Human emotions such as fear
are subject to classical
conditioning
Drug dependency is subject to
classical conditioning as well as
operant conditioning
Small children are not as easily
conditioned as older children
Fear of rats and rabbits are
innate responses previously
undiscovered
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Jamel got very sick after eating some mushrooms on a pizza at his friend’s house. He didn’t
know that he had a stomach virus at the time, blamed his illness on mushrooms, and refused to
eat them again. Which of the following is the unconditioned stimulus for his taste aversion to
mushrooms?
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Pizza
Stomach virus
Mushrooms
Headache
Aversion to
mushrooms
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5
While readying to take a free-throw shot, you suddenly arrive at the answer
to a chemistry problem you’d been working on several hours before. This is
an example of:
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1. Insight
2. Backward
conditioning
3. Latent learning
4. Discrimination
5. The Premack
Principle
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Latent learning is best described by which
of the following:
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1.
Innate responses of an
organism preventing new
learning and associations
Unconscious meaning that is
attributed to new response
patterns
Response patterns that become
extinguished gradually over time
Delayed responses that occur
when new stimuli are paired with
familiar ones
Learning that occurs in the
absence of rewards
2.
3.
4.
5.
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5
Rats were more likely to learn an aversion to sour foods
than bright lights. This illustrates:
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1.
2.
3.
4.
Insight
Preparedness
Extinction
Observational
learning
5. Generalization
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Spontaneous recovery refers to the:
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1.
Extinction of a previously
learned behavior
Disappearance of a previously
extinguished US after a rest
period
Return of a behavior after a
conditioning phase has ended
Tendency of newly acquired
responses to be intermittent at
first
Organism’s tendency to forget
previously learned responses,
but to relearn them more quickly
during a second training period
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Which of the following would be an
example of learning?
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1.
A newborn infant sucks on a
bottle filled with milk
A teenager falls asleep after
staying after for 96 hours
A rat presses a lever to
obtain a food pellet
A patient clenches his teeth
when he sees the dentist’s
drill, even though he has
never had a tooth filled
A student jumps when she
hears someone drop a book
in the library stacks
2.
3.
4.
5.
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An unconditioned stimulus is any stimulus
that:
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1.
Triggers a learned
response
Is based upon its
association with another
unconditioned stimulus
Provides positive or
negative reinforcement
Naturally elicits a
reflexive behavior
Inhibits previously
learned behavior
2.
3.
4.
5.
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The initial learning stage in classical conditioning in which
the neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with the
unconditioned stimulus is known as:
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1. Prompting
2. Trial and error
learning
3. Acquisition
4. Insight learning
5. Shaping
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Which one of the following poses a
problem for classical conditioning theory?
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1.
Conditioning usually occurs
gradually
Experimental nervosis
Taste aversions are learned
through observation
Taste aversions are
generalizable
Taste aversions develop
after a long time delay
between the CS and the
UCS
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4.
5.
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These are consequences that alter the
likelihood of behaviors:
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1.
Conditioned and
unconditioned reflexes
Successive
approximations
Rewards and
Punishments
Conditioned and
unconditioned stimuli
Discrimination and
generalization
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Negative and positive reinforcers are similar in that these
always ______ the likelihood of ensuing responses.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Decrease
Increase
Extinguish
Eliminate
Have no effect on
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The Premack principle states that:
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1.
A preferred activity can be
used to reinforce a less
preferred one
In order to be effective,
reinforcement must be
unpredictable
Reinforcement is more
effective than punishment
Punishment must be used
consistently and immediately
Using two types of
punishment works better
than using only one
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3.
4.
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5
Which of the following is true of
punishment?
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1.
Punishment may involve the
application of an aversive
stimulus
Punishment must be used
consistently in order to be
effective
Aggression may be produced
by punishment
Punishment interferes with
the learning of new and
better behaviors
All of the above are correct
2.
3.
4.
5.
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5
Tolman concluded that the rats he ran through mazes had
created _________ to help them find where the food was
placed.
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1. Insight learning
2. Cognitive maps
3. Classical
conditioning
4. Observational
learning
5. Operant
conditioning
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5
Your brother comes home after curfew and is grounded by
your parents. In the future, you come home on time. This
type of learning is best explained by:
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1. Social learning
2. Insight learning
3. Classical
conditioning
4. Operant
conditioning
5. Vicarious trial and
error
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_______ reported that watching violent behaviors makes
children more likely to behave violently.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Watson
Thorndike
Tolman
Bandura
Garcia
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Thorndike’s Law of Effect said that an organism will learn to
perform responses that are:
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1. Preceded by a
conditioned
stimulus
2. Reflexive
3. Prompted
4. Preceded by a
neutral stimulus
5. Rewarded
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5
Which one of the following would be
considered a primary reinforcer?
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Money
Achievement
Food
Status
Both 1 and 3
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5
Which of the following proved to be difficult to explain in
purely behavioral terms?
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1.
A child learning to read by
receiving rewards
A pigeon learning to press a
lever in a Skinner box for a
food reward
A chimpanzee using a pile of
boxes and a stick to obtain
food hung high in its cage
A dog salivating at the sound
of a bell
A trained seal doing a trick
for a fish
2.
3.
4.
5.
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5
Operant conditioning, in contrast with classical
conditioning, emphasizes events (such as rewards and
punishments) that occur:
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1. After the behavior
2. Concurrently with
another response
3. At the same time as
another stimulus
4. During the behavior
5. Before the behavior
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Participant Scores
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