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Transcript
Homework # 13 - - Pick up a half sheet from the front table. You will use your notes and the following pages to help complete the homework for next class. Red: pg. 29-37 Blue: pg. 250-258 WARM-UP: What is the best reward you have ever received? What is the worst punishment? Hit List: • Homework • Make-up Work: side board – Grades • • • • Review Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Partner Work Unit Project Review: Classical Conditioning Before Conditioning: UCS UCR (reflex) NS No Response Before Conditioning: Food Salivation (reflex) Bell No Response During Conditioning: UCS + NS UCR During Conditioning: Food + Bell Salivation After Conditioning: CS CR After Conditioning: Bell Salivation Review: Classical Conditioning Before Conditioning: UCS UCR (reflex) NS No Response Before Conditioning: Altoid Mint Recognize bad breath/take mint Computer Noise No Response During Conditioning: UCS + NS UCR During Conditioning: Altoid Mint + Computer Noise Recognize bad breath/take mint After Conditioning: CS CR After Conditioning: Computer Noise Recognize bad breath/take mint Learning Operant Conditioning B. F. Skinner • Operant Conditioning: Learning from consequences of behavior • How does this differ from classical conditioning? (The rat must learn how to solve a problem of how to get food) Reinforcement • A consequence that increases the likelihood a behavior to occur again • Positive reinforcement: Presenting something desirable; a reward Ex: Money for good grades • Negative reinforcement: Taking away something you don’t like • Ex: Taking aspirin to get rid of a headache • Ex: Beeping when you leave the head lights on. You must turn off the lights to stop the beeping. Schedules of Reinforcement • Continuous schedule: Reinforcement given every time something occurs – Ex: Get a piece of candy every time you answer a question. • Partial schedule: Reinforcement given only sometimes (4 types) – Ex: Get a piece of candy sometimes when answer a question. • Which do you think works better? Partial Schedules of Reinforcement • Ratio: behavior is reinforced based on the frequency of responses – (Frequency: How often something occurs) • Interval: behavior reinforced based on time Partial Schedules of Reinforcement Ratio Examples: • Fixed-Ratio: reinforcement Getting paid for every 5 pizzas after a fixed # of responses made • Variable-Ratio: reinforcement Playing a slot machine after a varying # of responses Interval Examples: • Fixed-interval: reinforcement Getting a paycheck every for response after a fixed time Friday elapsed • Variable-interval: Pop quizzes reinforcement for response after random time periods Punishment • Unpleasant consequence which decreases a behavior to occur again. • Examples? Partner Work Reinforcement Punishment - Positive reinforcement: Presenting something desirable; a reward Ex: Money for good grades - Negative reinforcement: Taking away something you don’t like • Ex: Taking aspirin to get rid of a headache • Ex: Beeping when you leave the head lights on. You must turn off the lights to stop the beeping. - Unpleasant consequence which decreases a behavior to occur again. Which one? Indicate whether the following are PR (positive reinforcement), NR (negative reinforcement), or PN (punishment) 1. The police stop drivers and give awards for safe driving. 2. A baseball player glares at a teammate who makes an error. 3. A mother gives candy to the crying child at the grocery store. 4. You leave a building when the fire alarm sounds. 5. A mother smiles when her child says “Mama” Social Learning • Homework #14 Questions – Red: pg. 42-49 Blue: pg. 259-266 1. Name and describe the three types of modeling. 2. Give an example of how you have displayed self-control as behavior modification. Due Tuesday 5/5/09