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Reconstruction
1865 - 1877
Chapter 10
Section 1
Reconstruction Battles
Confederacy lay in ruins
 South’s economy was in collapse
 Reconstruction = rebuilding
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Lincoln’s Plan
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Lincoln wanted a moderate policy that would reconcile
Southerner’s with the Union
Radical Republicans
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Three Main Goals
1. Prevent leaders of the confederacy from returning to power after
the war
2. Wanted the Republican Party to become a powerful institution in
the South
3. Guarantee African Americans the right to vote
The Wade – Davis Bill
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Majority of adult white males in a former confederate state to take an
oath of allegiance to the Union
Each state could hold a convention to create a new government
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Each state would have to abolish slavery
Deprive all former Confederate government officials and military officers of
the right to vote or hold office
Congress passed this bill but Lincoln blocked it with a pocket veto
Freedmen’s Bureau
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Helped African Americans who had been freed during the Civil War
Fed and clothed war refugees in the South
Helped formally enslaved people find work on plantations
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Negotiated labor contracts with planters – specified pay amount and the
number of hours
Education
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Provided education for former slaves
Provided buildings for schools
Helped establish colleges
Johnson Takes Office
Southern Democrat before the war
 Remained Loyal and stayed in the Senate
 Johnson’s Plan
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Issued an amnesty proclamation (excluded former Confederates
who owned property worth more than $20,000)
 Issued a proclamation for NC
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 Each former confederate state had to call a constitutional convention to
revoke its ordinance of secession, ratify the 13th amendment, and reject all
Civil War Debts
Black Codes
Severely limited African American’s Rights
 African Americans

Required to enter annual labor contracts
 Children had to accept apprenticeships and could be whipped or
beaten while serving the apprenticeships
 Set specific work hours for African Americans and required them to
get licenses to work in non-agricultural jobs
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The 14th Amendment
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Civil Rights Act of 1866
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Granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States except Native
Americans
Allowed all African Americans to own property and were to be treated equally
in court
14th Amendment

Citizenship was granted to all persons born or naturalized in the United States
and no state could deprive any person of life, liberty, or property
Military Reconstruction
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Military Reconstruction Act
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Divided the former Confederacy (except for Tennessee) into five military
districts
A union general was placed in charge of each district
Give all adult males the right to vote regardless of race
Ratify the 14th Amendment
End of 1868 six former confederate states had met all requirements and were
readmitted to the Union
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North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Arkansas
Johnson’s Impeachment
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Command of the Army Act
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The Tenure of Office Act
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Required all orders from the president to go through the headquarters of the general of the
army
Required the Senate to approve the removal of any government official whose appointment
had required the Senate’s consent
Johnson fired his secretary of war – Edwin Stanton
Stanton locked himself in his office and refused to leave
House of Representatives voted to impeach Johnson for high crimes and misdemeanors
Senate voted 35 to 19 – one vote short of conviction
Finished his term quietly and did not run for re-election
Republicans nominated Grant for President
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Large number of African Americans voted
The 15th Amendment
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Right to vote no matter the race, color, or previous condition
of servitude