Download Answer and Notes to 17.1 - Amphitheater Public Schools

Reconstruction
Plans
Terms
Reconstruction- The period after
the Civil War to rebuild the South
Amnesty- A pardon or forgiveness
of one’s actions.
Radical- extreme/tougher actions.
i.e. Radical Republicans- favored
braking up South and reinventing
it.
Freedmen-former slaves,
Freedman's Bureau est. to help
former slaves
13th Amendment/ Excluding
Southern
 13th Amendment-made slavery illegal
and granted freedom from slavery
through out the United States.
 Lincoln and radical Republican wanted
to exclude former Confederate officers
from reconstruction plans because they
wanted to punish them as traitors.
Reconstruction Plans
10% Plan
Issued
by Lincoln
10% of voters in state
pledge loyalty to Union
New constitution must
ban slavery
Lincoln wanted to give
educated African
American/ ones who served
in army right to vote
Wade-Davis Bill
Radical
Republicans
50% of white males in
state pledge loyalty to Union
Men who did not fight
against Union could go to
Convention.
Former Confederates
could not hold office
New constitution must
ban slavery
More concerned w/whites
Lincoln Assassinated
Johnson President
 April 14, 1865 John Wilkes Booth shot
Abraham Lincoln at Ford’s theater.
 Andrew Johnson becomes president.
 He wants to punish former slave
holder and southern.
 Devise harsh plan known as
Restoration
Restoration
 Most Southern granted amnesty once
they swore loyalty.
 Refused office to wealthy landowner
until they personally appealed to
President.
 Southern states had to denounce slavery
and ratify 13th amendment.
 Southern states allowed to decide how
to deal with newly freed African
Americans
 By1865 all Southern states but Texas were
back in Union
Radicals in Control
African Americans’ Rights
 Black Codes-laws in the
South that aimed to control
freedmen and allow
exploitation of AA by
plantation owners.
 Examples-arrest unemployed
AA and make them work to
pay off fines, AA not allowed
to own or rent land, make
orphaned children work for
free
 Slavery in disguise.
Challenging Black Codes
 Freedman Bureau given
more power to hear cases
of wrong doing.
 Civil Rights Act 1866Granted AA full citizenship
and gave Fed. Gov’t the
power to intervene in state
matters. Overturned Black
Codes and Dred Scott
case.
 Johnson threatened to
Veto laws, Congress had
enough votes to override
the veto and passed laws.
14th Amendment
 14th Amendment granted AA full citizen and protect
under the Civil Rights Act.
 Says no state can take away a citizen’s life, liberty and
property without “due process of law” and everyone had
“equal protection under the law”.
 Also added Confederate leaders couldn’t hold office
unless pardoned by 2/3 of Congress.
 States had to ratify this amendment before admittance
into the Union.
Radical Reconstruction
 Republicans won major
victories and had control
of both House and
Senate.
 Reconstruction Act 18671)Diveded 10 Southern
states into 5 military
districts and under
military control until new
gov’t est. Made sure AA
voted in elections. 2)
Military commanders
began registering votes
to vote in new state
constitutional
conventions.
Readmission of States and
Challenge to Johnson
 Many Southerners refused
to participate in elections
and Republican gained
control of South
 By 1868 Alabama, AR, FL,
GA, LA, N.C. & S. C. were
readmitted. In 1870 MS,
VA and TX readmitted.
 Johnson didn’t like radical
reconstruction. Congress
passed Tenure of Office
Act-prohibited the
President from removing
gov’t officials w/out
Senate approval.
Impeaching the President
Johnson violated Office of
Tenure act when he
removed Edwin Stanton as
Sec of War.
House of Rep decide to
impeach Johnson because
of this. Had impeachment
trial but did not have
enough votes to impeach
Johnson. Stayed until term
over
Election of 1868
15th Amendment
 Republican choose Ulysses S. Grant as
candidate. Democrats chose Horatio Seymour.
Grant won.
 Passed 15th Amendment in February 1870. It
prohibited state and federal gov’t form denying
male citizens right to vote based on “race, color,
or condition of servitude.
The South during Reconstruction
African American
in Government
 Hiran Revels- minister
and Civil War
veteran. Elected to
the Senate form state
of Mississippi.
 Blanche K. Bruceformer slave,
became a
Superintendent of
schools and also
served in Senate from
Mississippi.
Scalawags &
Carpetbaggers
 Scalawags-Southern whites who
supported Republican Policy during
reconstruction. Hated by former
Confederates
 Carpetbaggers-Northerns who moved
South to support Reconstruction, usually
former Union soldiers or members of
freedmen bureau.
Resistance to Reconstruction
 Many Southerners refused
African Americans there
freedom, to rent land, give
them credit or help them out in
any way.
 Ku Klux Klan-Used violence and
terror to keep African
American from gaining any
kind of freedom. Also targeted
whites who helped them.
 Government tried to stops
these acts of violence with little
success.
Some Improvements
Education was improved
and public schools
established. African
American and white
students went to
different schools except
in Louisiana, South
Carolina and Florida
were they were
integrated and went to
school together.
Farming
 Beside education, African
Americans wanted land.
Hard to get own land.
 Sharecropping-Landowners,
rent land and equipment to
African Americans in return
to a percentage of the $$
received for crops.
 Whites overcharged AA and
many had little left over after
dept was settled.
Changes in the
South
Reconstructions Declines
 Northerners started losing interest,
radical prejudice in North, radical
republican became to die off, fade
away
 Corruption in Grants Administration led
to split in republican party, Liberal
democrats supported reconciling w/
south and supported Horace Greeley for
President
 Amnesty Act-1872 pardon most former
Confederates
End of Reconstruction
 Democratic party starts
gaining political power,
sometimes through violence.
 Election of 1876-Grant
decides not to run.
Rutherford B. Hayes (rep) vs.
Samuel Tilden (dem).
Popular vote went to Tilden
but needed electoral vote.
Special commission to
decide who would be
president.
Compromise of 1877
 South allow Hayes to
be president and
promises to maintain
African American
rights in return for
favors for the South.
 More aid to south,
remove federal
troops, leave south
alone.
 Reconstruction over.
Changes in South
Redeemers made place for
themselves, they saved
South from republican rule,
also sided with KKK and
other violent groups.
Need new industry based
on coal, iron, tobacco,
cotton, lumber to help
economy.
South now Manufactures
the cotton and tobacco
instead of just growing it.
Changes in South Cont.
 Iron and steel mills appear
in south. Due to the
Bessemer process-an
inexpensive way to
produce iron from steel.
 Factories now made way
into the south.
 Expand types of crops
gown on farms. Quickest
way to get $$ was to grow
crops that generated
cash-Cash Crops-Cotton
Ways to prevent 15th amendment
for African Americans.
Poll Taxes-pay fee to vote
Literacy test- prove they
could read
Grandfather Clause-since
the literacy test could
prevent some whites from
voting a grandfather
clause was created. If
you could prove your
father or grandfather
voted you could vote. AA
could not use this
Jim Crow Laws
By 1890 segregation was
everywhere.
Jim Crow laws were a
set of laws that states
the races must be
separated everywhere.
Plessy V Ferguson
upheld Jim Crow laws in
the Federal Court.
Lynching, violence, KKK
also discourages AA
from voting