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Transcript
CHAPTER 12
The Politics of Reconstruction
Section 1
•
•
Reconstruction
•
Lincoln favored lenient reconstruction
•
Wanted South's return as soon as possible
10-Percent Plan
•
Pardon all Confederates except high ranking officials &
those accused of crimes against prisoners of war
•
10 percent of voters had to swear to be loyal to the union
•
The state then could be admitted into the Union
Reconstruction Cont.
•
Lincoln's plan angered many people --> Radical
Republicans
•
Wade-Davis Bill
•
Said congress was responsible for Reconstruction
•
Lincoln pocket vetos the bill making congress angry
Johnson's Plan
•
•
Remaining Confederate states could become part of the
Union if:
•
swear allegiance to the Union
•
Pay Confederate war debts
•
Ratify the 13th amendment
Johnson wished to keep wealthy southerners from taking the
oath
•
Angered most radicals (Failed to help slaved with voting
rights)
•
Relieved most Southerners
Johnson Cont.
•
All states agree to the terms (form the most part)
•
Johnson pardons all
•
58 sat in Confederate Congress
•
6 Served in Confederate Cabinet
•
4 Fought as Confederate Generals
•
All served in New U.S. Congress
Standstill of Reconstruction
•
Congress refuses to admit newly elected Southern
legislators
•
Freedmen's Bureau
•
Assist former slaves and poor whites in the South
•
Set up more than 40 hospitals and 4,000 Schools
•
61 Industrial institutes and 74 teacher trainer
centers
Civil Rights act of 1866
•
Gave African Americans citizenship
•
forbade states from passing "Black Codes"
•
Johnson vetoes Both
Moderates and Radicals
•
Fourteenth Amendment
•
"All persons born or naturalized in the United
States"
•
Equal protection of the law
•
Could not be deprived of person of live, liberty, or
property
Johnson Impeached
•
Felt Johnson was not carrying out his constitutional
obligations
•
Congress Passes Tenure of Office Act
•
President could not remove cabinet officers during
the presidential term
•
Johnson wanted to test it so he fires Secretary of
War
•
Congress Impeaches Johnson - Impeachment is
one vote short
Election
•
U.S. Grant was elected
•
15th Amendment
•
No one can be kept from voting based on "race,
color, or previous condition of servitude"
Reconstruction Society
Section 2
•
•
Conditions
•
Civil War took place mostly in the South
•
Sherman Alone - 100 million worth of damage
Southern States had large projects rebuilding
Public Works Programs
•
Built roads, bridges, railroads, orphanages, public
school systems
•
South had to increase taxes slowing the regions
recovery
Voters
•
9 out of 10 times African Americans supported the
Republican party
•
White Southerners had a problem accepting African
Americans
Challenges
•
•
African American Freedoms
•
Ex-Slaves had a problem adjusting to the freedom
•
Became eager to move away from plantation life
Families
•
African Americans went to extreme lengths to find
family members
•
Freedman's bureau began helping find lost families
Education
•
80% of African Americans were illiterate
•
Schools were set up all over to educate free slaves
•
Southerners were angry at this fact and used
violence
•
By 1877 600,000 African Americans were enrolled
in elementary schools
Politics
•
For the first time African Americans held offices in
local, state, and federal governments
Sharecropping
•
African Americans did not have their own land
•
This forced many slaves to sign contracts with
planters
•
Worker would receive a few acres, seed & tools
•
At the end of the season the worker would give the
planter a portion of their crops
The Collapse of Reconstruction
Section 3
•
Ku Klux Klan
•
Social club for Confederate veterans
•
Became violent and main goal was to restore white
supremacy
Economic Pressure
•
KKK would either destroy property or would not do
business with them
Problems
•
Grant
•
No political experience
•
Often selected friends into appointments
•
Often had scandals
•
This causes the republicans to become split
Election of 1876
•
Rutherford B. Hayes Vs. Samuel J. Tilden
•
First time someone lost the popular but won the
electoral