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Plans for Reconstruction
Chapter 12 Section 1
Objectives
• Explain why a plan was needed for
Reconstruction of the South.
• Compare the Reconstruction plans of Lincoln,
Johnson, and Congress.
• Discuss Johnson’s political difficulties and
impeachment.
The Southern Ruins
• homes were burned
• businesses closed
• properties
abandoned
• freed African
Americans lacked
full citizenship and
the means to make
a living
Richmond, Virginia
A plan of
Reconstruction
for the South
was formed.
•
to help the South
rejoin the Union
•
to rebuild the
South’s economy
•
to protect freed
African Americans
Moderates
• Moderates- Moderate
republicans wanted to
keep Confederates
out of the Gov’t.
• Favored giving some
African-Americans the
right to vote.
Radicals
• Radical Republicans
wanted to give all
African-Americans the
right to vote.
Land Reform
• Land reform was the
key to changing
southern society.
• Plantations must be
broken up and
distributed to
freedmen.
• Land reform never
won wide support.
• Some believed
freedmen could be
successful if given
civil equality (no Black
Codes).
African Americans were freed from slavery,
but their rights were not guaranteed.
• They did not have full citizenship.
• They could not vote.
• They did not have access to education.
Lincoln and the Radical Republicans in Congress
were at odds in their proposals to rebuild the South.
Lincoln’s Ten
Percent Plan
Wade-Davis
Bill
• 10 percent of state’s • required a majority
voters needed to
of state’s prewar
take a loyalty oath
voters to swear
loyalty to the Union
• a state’s new
• required guarantees
constitution must
of African American
have abolished
equality
slavery
vetoed by Congress
passed by Congress,
pocket vetoed by
Lincoln
Freedmen’s Bureau
• Violence against
African-Americans in
the south united
republicans.
• The Freedmen’s
Bureau was
established to help
homeless and hungry
former slaves.
• The Freedmen’s
Bureau set up
schools, hospitals,
and helped freedmen
find jobs.
• The Bureau was
supposed to expire
after 1 year, but the
violence extended the
life of the agency.
• Johnson vetoed a bill
to extend the life of
the Freedmen’s
Bureau.
President Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction
• He pardoned any Confederate
who swore allegiance to the
Union and the Constitution.
• Each Southern state needed
to ratify the Thirteenth
Amendment.
By December 1865, most southern states had
met Johnson’s requirements for readmission
to the Union.
During the
required state
conventions,
however,
southern states
tried to rebuild
their prewar
world.
• All southern states
instituted black codes.
• Many states specifically
limited the vote to
white men.
• Some states sent
Confederate officials to
Congress.
The South’s disregard of Reconstruction efforts
angered moderates and Radical Republicans.
In response, Congress passed new legislation
over President Johnson’s veto. The legislation
included
•
the Civil Rights Act of 1866.
•
the Fourteenth Amendment.
•
the division of the South into five
military districts.
Civil Rights Act of 1866
• The first civil rights
act in the country.
• The act declared
everyone born in the
US was a citizen, but
it did not guarantee
voting rights.
• Johnson vetoed the
bill.
14th Amendment
• The republican
controlled Congress
wrote the provisions
of the Act into the 14th
Amendment.
• The act gave equal
citizenship to all
people born in the
US.
President Johnson continued to veto and work
against congressional legislation.
Eventually, the
House voted to
impeach Johnson.
Johnson’s opponents failed by one
Senate vote to remove him from
office.
Election of 1868
• Republicans
nominated war hero
Ulysses S. Grant.
• Democrats nominated
NY governor Horatio
Seymour
• Grant won in a close
race.
15th Amendment
• This amendment
gave AfricanAmericans the right to
vote.
• Still no vote for
women.