Download Section 1: Early Steps to Reunion

Section 1: Early Steps to
Reunion…
Chapter 18: Reconstruction And
Changing the South….
What was Reconstruction…
• Was the re-building
of the south
physically, politically,
socially and
economically after
the civil war.
• Postwar Problems:
– North:
– South:
Issues After The War…
• Reconstruction of the
South.
• FREEDMEN:
– Men or Women who had
been slaves
• Nearly 4,000,000 Men
and Women were now
Free and Living in the
South.
• Most had no Land, Jobs,
or Education.
Conflicting Plans for Reconstruction…
• Some people wanted
to punish the
southerners severely
for their act of
treason (secession).
• Others wanted what
was referred to as “an
easy peace”…..
Plans For Reconstruction…
• 10 %
PLAN=Easy
• WADE - DAVIS
BILL= Punitive.
Ten Percent Plan…
• Lincoln’s Plan for
Reconstruction.
Amnesty:
– Government Pardon.
 # 1- A Southern State
could reform it’s
Government after 10 %
of the State took an
Oath of Loyalty to the
United States.
Ten Percent Plan…
• #2: Once the New
State was Formed, it
had to Abolish
Slavery.
• #3: Once Completed,
the New State could
Elect Men to
Congress.
Wade-Davis Bill
• Required the Majority of
White Men in each
Southern State to Swear
Loyalty to the Union,
Instead of 10 %.
• Denied right to Vote or
Hold Office for anyone
who had volunteered to
fight for the
Confederacy.
The Freedmen’s Bureau…
• Signed 1 month before
Lee Surrendered.
• A Government agency
to help Former Slaves.
• Gave Food and Clothing
to them.
• It also tried to find Jobs
for Freedmen.
Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)
The Assassin
John Wilkes Booth
The Assassination
WANTED~~!!
Now He Belongs to the Ages!
The Execution
The New President…
• Vice President:
Andrew Johnson .
• Tennessee.
• Loyal to the
Union.
Johnson’s Plan…
• Majority of Voters
in each Southern
State to pledge
Loyalty to the
United States.
• All had to Ratify
the 13th
Amendment.
Congress Rebels…
• Southern States all met
Johnson’s conditions.
• Approved their New State
Governments in 1865.
• South Elected New
Representatives to
Congress.
• Republicans Outraged.
• Many of those elected held
Office in the Confederacy.
Section 2: Radical
Reconstruction…
Chapter 18: Reconstruction…
th
13
Amendment…
• Abolition of
slavery.
• Slavery is finally
against the
Constitution.
Black Codes…
• Were an attempt by
the white
southerners to deny
African Americans
their new freedom.
• Severely limited the
rights of Freedmen.
Black Codes…
• African Americans
could not:
– Vote.
– Own Guns.
– Serve on juries.
Black Codes…
• African Americans
were able to
legally marry and
own some land.
Radical Republicans…
• People in Congress
who were opposed
to Johnson.
• Radicals are people
who want to make
drastic changes in
society.
Radical Republicans…
• 2 Goals:
• # 1: Break the power
of the rich southern
plantation owners.
• # 2: Give Freedmen
the right to vote.
Radical Reconstruction…
• Reconstruction
policies put forward
by the Republican
Congress.
• Strict policy toward
the south.
• 14th Amendment:
– Blacks are citizens
• 15th Amendment:
– Blacks may vote
Republicans Impeach Johnson…
• Because Johnson
opposed many of the
Radical Republicans
policies, they tried
to have him
removed from
office.
Impeach…
• To bring formal
charges of
wrongdoing
against an elected
official.
Impeachment Process…
• House of Reps. can
impeach a president
for “high crimes and
misdemeanors.”
• Senate tries the case.
• 2/3rds Majority must
vote guilty.
A New President…
Election
of 1868…