Download Slide 1

Lincoln’s Plan
 1. Pardon any Confederate who swore allegiance to
the Union and accepted the end of slavery
 2. Confederate military and government officials
were excluded
 3. When 10% of a state’s population had sworn
allegiance the state could write a constitution
endorsing the 13th amendment. The state would
then return to its place in the Union.
Johnson’s Plan
 1. Followed many of Lincoln’s basic ideas.
 2. Granted pardons to those who swore the oath of
allegiance ( 13,000 in 1865).
 3. Each state’s constitution would have to void
secession, abolish slavery, ratify the 13th
Amendment, and void war debts
Johnson Vs. Congress –
Radical Reconstruction
 1. Pres. Johnson and
Congress disagreed on how
to respond to southern
resistance to
Reconstruction.
 2. March 1866 - Congress
passes the Civil Rights Act
to ensure equal rights for
former slaves......Johnson
vetoes it.........Congress
overrode the veto!
 3. 14th Amendment passes:
1868 - Every naturally born
individual in the U.S. was a
citizen......no state could
restrict his/her rights!
 4. Military Reconstruction
Act of 1867 - provided for
the occupation of the
South by Union soldiers.
The South was divided into
5 military districts, each to
be governed by a General.
Johnson Vs. Congress…continued
 5. Congress passes the
Tenure of Office Act,
limiting the power of the
President in hiring and
firing of government
officials.
 6. Pres. Johnson
attempts to fire
Secretary of War Edwin
Stanton, a Radical
Republican interested in
punishing the South.
Johnson Impeached!
 7. The House of
Representatives
argued that Johnson’s
actions were
unconstitutional.
They voted to impeach
him ( charge him
formally with
wrongdoing while in
office).
 Impeached officials
are tried by the Senate.
 Johnson was tried by
the Senate in 1868.
 Congress fell one vote
shy of the number
needed to convict
Johnson.
 8. 15th Amendment passes: 1870 - guaranteed the
right to vote for African Americans, and equal
rights in public places.
 Southern Blacks joined the Republican Party
 Southerners feared losing power to Republicans
Attempts to Restore the Old Ways
 1. Black Codes - Laws which severely restricted the
rights of former slaves. These laws included curfews,
vagrancy laws, and labor contracts.

 2. Carpet Baggers - Northern Republicans who moved
to the South after the Civil War. The name referred to
the type of suitcase they carried. They were mainly
Union Army officials or Freedmen’s Bureau officials.

 3. Scalawags - Southern whites who became
Republicans. Interested primarily in Economic
development. Many were poor.
 4. Debt Peonage - Labor
Contracts which required
former slave to owe more and
more money to white,
southern landowners.

 5. Sharecropping - Allowed
former slaves to work on a
piece of land. they had to
give 1/3 to 1/2 of their crop to
the land owner.

 6. Tenant Farmers - paid rent
for a piece of land
 7. Ku Klux Klan - began in
Tennessee. Members took an
oath to “defend the social and
political superiority of
whites.”
 They promised to vote only
for white candidates who they
believed would further their
cause.
 Used fear and terror to
intimidate blacks and white
sympathizers.

 8. Radical Republicans -
Republicans in Congress who
wanted to punish the South.
Reconstruction Ends 1877
 9. Rutherford B. Hayes - Lost
the popular vote in the
election of 1876 to Samuel
Tilden.
 The electoral vote was in
dispute. He agreed to end the
occupation of the south by
Federal troops. In return
Congress would award him
the amount of Electoral voted
needed to win the presidency.
 This became known as the
Compromise of 1877. This
became the official end of
Reconstruction