Download For Starters

For Starters
• Using the chart “Resources of the North
and South, 1861” on page 487
answer questions:
1a, 1b, 2a, &2b
For Starters
• Read the American Profile of Robert
E. Lee on page 489 and answer the
question in bold, using complete
sentences.
For Starters
• Viewing History:
Read “Battlefield Medicine” on pg.501
and answer the question in bold, give 2
examples using complete sentences.
(use the pictures linking the past and
the present to help with the answer)
For Starters
• Analyzing Photographs:
Using the photograph on page 511
answer questions 1(a&b) & 2(a,b,&c)
REMEMBER
***USE COMPLETE SENTENCES***
For Starters
• Write out and answer the following
questions:
1.) Who was the President of the
Confederacy?
2.) Which Civil War battle is considered to be
the Union’s worst defeat?
3.) What does the word emancipate mean?
FOR STARTERS
Read the American Profile on Ulysses S.
Grant on page 494. Answer the bold
question.
FOR STARTERS
Turn to page 498 and read the section under
Viewing History entitled “Assault on Fort
Wagner.” Answer the bold question.
FOR STARTERS
Turn to page 503 and answer the graphic
organizer questions 1-2 on the cause and
effects of the Civil War.
FOR STARTERS
The end of the war created a backlash from
the south that ended in a large amount of
racial discrimination against African
Americans…why do you think they all
didn’t just move to the north?
FOR STARTERS
The Civil Rights Movement and Martin
Luther King, Jr. didn’t even occur for about
100 years AFTER the Civil War…why do
you think it took so long for this to
happen?
For Starters
1. Who was President during the Civil War?
2. What is the key term for somebody who
takes advantage of a crisis to make
money?
3. List one southern strength during the war.
4. What is the time period where the south
was being rebuilt after the war called?
For Starters
1. Which General led the Confederate
army?
2. List a problem the south had during the
war.
3. What is the key term for a government
pardon?
4. What was the first major battle of the Civil
War?
For Starters
1. Who was the President of the
Confederacy?
2. What is the key term for the ability to read
and write?
3. List one northern strength during the war.
4. Which battle was a Confederate victory,
but General Stonewall Jackson was
accidently shot?
For Starters
1. Who became the Union commander in
March, 1864?
2. List one northern weakness.
3. Which battle, a Union victory, marked the
last time the Confederacy would attempt
to invade the north?
4. What document freed all slaves in rebel
states?
For Starters
1. What laws legally separated the races in
the south?
2. List a northern strategy.
3. What was the leading cause of death for
soldier during the war? (hint…it wasn’t
the actual fighting)
4. Who assassinated President Lincoln?
For Starters
• 3.2.1 Summary!
List:
3 vocabulary words you have learned
2 Important People we have talked about
AND…
1 Important event that took place
For Starters
ORGANIZE NOTES
AND
STUDY FOR QUIZ!
Content Objectives
• 2.8.3 Read and use informational tools
• 6.8.21 Identify the causes, key people,
events, and outcome of the Civil War,
including:
states’ rights and slavery, President
Lincoln, Emancipation Proclamation,
Vicksburg and Gettysburg, Gettysburg
Address, Generals Grant and Lee
Language Objectives
• SWBAT:
• Fulfill the content objectives by analyzing
primary sources, taking notes, and viewing
pictures and photos.
CIVIL WAR VOCABULARY
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Martial Law
Emancipation
Draft
Income Tax
Inflation
Profiteer
Total War
•
•
•
•
•
•
Amnesty
Reconstruction
Poll Tax
Literacy
Segregation
Jim Crow Laws
Martial Law
Rule by the army instead of the elected
government.
Emancipate
To set free
Draft
Law that requires people of a certain age to enlist in
the military.
Income Tax
A tax on people’s earnings
Inflation
A rise in prices and a decrease in
the value of money
Profiteer
A person who takes advantage
of a crisis to make money
Total War
All-out war that affects civilians at
home as well as soldiers in combat.
Amnesty
Government pardon
PRESIDENT JOHNSON
PARDONING REBELS AT THE WHITE
HOUSE
Reconstruction
Rebuilding of the south after the
Civil War
Poll Tax
Tax required before a
person can vote
Literacy
The ability to read
and write
Segregation
Legal separation of people
based on racial, ethnic, or
other differences
EARLY SEGREGATED SCHOOLS IN
SOUTH CAROLINA
Jim Crow Laws
Laws that separated people of different races in public places in
the south
The American Civil War
From 1861, to 1865, for four long years
Americans fought and killed one another
A Nation Divided
• Southerners believed they had the
right to leave the Union.
• Southerners wanted to “preserve”
their way of life, which included
slavery.
• The North fought to “preserve" the
union.
• When the war started abolishing
slavery was not the main goal.
The United States
During the Civil War
Southern Strengths
• The South was fighting a
defensive war, defending
their homes and their
property.
• Defending their homeland
gave them a strong reason
to fight.
• Confederate Soldiers knew
the countryside better.
Southern Weaknesses
• There were very few
factories in the South to
provide weapons and
other important supplies.
• The South also had very
few railroads to move
troops and supplies.
• The South had a small
population compared to
the North.
The Southern Economy
• The South had to deal with the cost of the war, the loss of
the cotton trade, and severe shortages due to Union
blockades, which left their economy in ruins.
• To raise money the South not only imposed an income tax
but also required farmers to turn over 10% of their crops
(they had no money).
• Inflation caused prices to sky-rocket
A barrel of flour for
$275
A bushel of potatoes
for $25
A pound of butter for $15
Problems in the South
• President Davis struggled to create a strong
federal government.
• Many southerners resisted paying taxes to a
central government,
• It got so bad Georgia threatened to leave the
Confederacy!
Famous Southern Leaders
The Confederate Seal
MOTTO  “With God As
Our Vindicator”
The Confederate White
House in Richmond, Va.
Jefferson Davis
• President of the Confederate
States of America
• Davis was responsible for the
raising of the formidable
Confederate armies.
• He was also responsible for the
appointing General Robert E. Lee
as commander of the Confederate
army.
Robert E. Lee
The Confederate Army wore gray
uniforms
• President Lincoln asked
Lee to command the
Union army, he refuses.
• Lee eventually becomes
leader of the Confederate
army.
• Lee decided to side with
the Confederacy because
Virginia seceded from the
Union and that is where he
is from.
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
• Famous Confederate
General who got his
nickname for standing his
ground and not retreating
during the Battle of Bull
Run.
• “Stonewall” will be killed
during the Battle of
Chancellorsville when his
own men mistake him for
a Union soldier.
See? Even “Stonewall” wore
gray…do you think they chose the
color to match Robert Lee’s beard?
Yeah, that’s probably it.
Southern Strategies
• The Confederacy would
fight a defensive war.
• They hoped the North
would tire of fighting and
quit.
• The Confederacy counted
on Europe for money and
supplies (cotton was
important to European
textile mills)
SUMMARIZE!!
CLASS DISCUSSION
What is more important to a team’s
success?
The talent of its players?
The knowledge of their coach?
WHY????
Northern Strengths
• The North outnumbered
the South nearly 4 to 1.
• There were more people in
the North to fight and
work in the factories.
• Northern industry made it
easier to produce supplies.
• The North had an
excellent railway system
which made
transportation easy.
The Northern Economy
• The war actually helped the north’s economy
• They did have some inflation, but not as bad as the south
• Many farmers went to war, so the north built farm
equipment to help the farms run with less help
• Factories prospered
• Heavy demands led to profiteering or charging excessive
prices for the supplies being manufactured
Northern Weaknesses
• The North was
invading unfamiliar
land.
• Fighting far away
from home led to
long supply lines
which were open to
attack.
Opposition to War in the North
• Some Northerners opposed using force to
keep the South in the Union.
• Supporters of the war called these people
copperheads (after the snake).
• Other northerners supported the war but
disagreed with the way Lincoln was fighting
the war.
Republicans called these anti-war
Democrats “Copperheads”
because they felt them poisonous
to the cause of winning the war.
The “Copperhead” snake is very poisonous and
deadly…like Northern Democrats??
Problems in the North
• As the war dragged on the North soon faced a shortage of
volunteers.
• In 1863, Congress passed a draft law, which called for men
between 20-45 to serve in the army
• A man could pay $300.00 not to enlist or pay someone to
take his place, earning the war’s nickname of “a rich
man’s war and a poor man’s fight.”
NORTH
SOUTH
Famous Northern Leaders
President Abraham Lincoln
• Became the 16th
President of the United
States in 1860.
• Many Northerners
doubted Lincoln’s
ability to lead.
• Lincoln proved to be a
strong leader and a fine
war planner.
Ulysses S. Grant
• Grant was nicknamed
“Unconditional Surrender
Grant”
• Lincoln appointed Grant
Commander of the Union
forces in March 1864.
• Grant ordered “total war”
against the south to destroy
their ability to fight.
• Grant will later become the
18th President of the United
States in 1868
General William Tecumseh Sherman
• Grant ordered Sherman to
capture Atlanta and then
march to the Atlantic Ocean.
• Sherman had orders to destroy
everything useful to the South.
• Sherman and his troops
destroyed railroad tracks,
killed livestock, tore up fields,
and burnt homes, bridges, and
factories during their “March
to the Sea”.
Northern Strategies
• Blockade southern ports
• Capture the Confederate capital
of Richmond
• Gain control of the Mississippi
River
– This would not only divide
the Confederacy in half but
would stop them from easily
supplying their troops.
SUMMARIZE!!
CLASS DISCUSSION
Although Union soldiers were better trained
and equipped, they were seemingly not as
motivated to fight as the southerners.
Many historians credit this to the fact the
southerners were defending their own
land. Many northerners also didn’t really
think slavery was an issue worth losing
their life over…so what motivation DID the
north have in fighting the south?
Major Civil War Battles
The Battle of Bull Run
• The first major Battle of
the Civil War which took
place on July 21, 1861.
• The battle took place near
a small Virginia stream
named Bull Run.
• In the end, Union troops
retreated.
• The Battle showed that
neither side was ready to
fight and that the war
would be long and bloody.
The Battle of Antietam
• The Battle of Antietam was a
day long battle that took place
on Sept.17, 1862.
• More than 23,000 Union and
Confederate troops were killed
and wounded.
• Neither side was a clear
winner.
• The North did claim victory
because the Confederate troops
did withdraw. This boosted
Union morale.
The Battle of Chancellorsville
• The Battle of
Chancellorsville took place
in May of 1863 in
Chancellorsville, Va.
• The battle lasted 3 days
and Confederate troops
were victorious.
• Victory came at a high
price when General
Stonewall Jackson was
accidentally shot and
killed by his own troops.
The Battle of Gettysburg
• The battle took place over
3 days in July of 1863 in
Gettysburg, a.
• It is recognized as one of
the most important battles
of the Civil War.
• It will mark the last time
the Confederates would
try to invade the North
• The Union’s victory is
considered the turning
point of the War.
The Gettysburg Address
• The Gettysburg Address was a
speech given by President
Lincoln on Nov.19, 1863 at a
ceremony dedicating a cemetery
to honor those that died in
battle.
• Lincoln’s speech was a
profound statement of
American ideals.
• It is regarded as one of the
greatest speeches in American
history.
SUMMARIZE!!!
DISCUSSION
During the Civil War, battles were very
deadly and would often last for days.
Sometimes, tens of thousands of people
would die in a single day, on a single
battlefield. How do you think soldiers
would cope with this if they were lucky
enough to survive the war?
The Emancipation Proclamation
• President Lincoln issued the
Emancipation Proclamation
on Jan.1, 1863.
• It freed all slaves in rebel
states, which were not under
Union control, so one was
actually freed!
• It did however change the
purpose of the war and kept
the British from joining the
war fighting against the
North.
African American Contributions
• When the Civil War broke out thousands of
African Americans volunteered to fight but they
couldn’t because it was against the law.
• Congress repealed that law in 1862 and by the end
of the war nearly 40,000 African Americans lost
their lives.
• One of the most famous African American units
that served during the Civil war was the 54th
Massachusetts Regiment.
The 54th Massachusetts Regiment
The Hard life of a Soldier
• Most of the soldiers in the Civil War, on both
sides, were under the age of 21.
• Improvements in weapons led to more deaths, in
most battles more then one fourth of the soldiers
were killed or wounded.
• Medical care on the battlefield was crude with
minor wounds leading death or even worse
disease.
• Diseases such as pneumonia and malaria actually
killed more men then the improved weapons
Civil War Medical Care
A Civil War Surgical tent
A Civil War Surgery
Women in the War
• Women in both the North and South played an
important role during the war.
• As the men went to fight the women replaced them
in both the factories and on the farms
• Women did so well as military nurses that after
the war nursing became an accepted occupation
for them.
Civil War Women
The Civil War ends
General Lee surrendered at Appomatox Court
House on April 9, 1865. This effectively
brought the American Civil War to an end.
A Turning Point in
American History
•
•
•
•
360,000 Union soldiers lost their lives
250,000 Confederate soldiers lost their lives
No war has ever resulted in more American deaths
Before the war, Americans referred to “these United
States” After they began speaking of “the United States”.
• Millions of African Americans had gained their freedom.
SUMMARIZE!!
DISCUSSION
What do you think the feelings or emotions
were as slaves were being sent free from
their master’s? What would it look like?
RECONSTRUCTION
• Because most of the war took place in the
south, much of the south had to be rebuilt
after the war.
• Also, the economy had largely depended
on slave labor before the war, and after
the war that was illegal.
• During the time period, the south was
occupied by the military to ensure that no
more rebellions took place.
THE FREEDMEN’S BUREAU
• One month before Lee surrendered, Congress passed a bill
creating the Freedmen’s Bureau, a government agency to
help former slaves.
• The agency helped poor whites as well.
 Gave food and clothing to former slaves.
 Tried to find jobs for freedmen.
 Provided medical care.
 Set up schools. Most of the teachers were volunteers
from the North.
 The Bureau created colleges for African Americans,
including Howard, Morehouse, and Fisk.
Lincoln is Assassinated
• President Lincoln was assassinated on April
14th,1865 by John Wilkes Booth while
attending a play at Ford’s theatre in
Washington D.C.
• Booth was caught and killed in a barn outside
the city.
• Andrew Johnson sworn in as President
Black Codes
• In former Confederate states
• Southern legislatures passed laws that severely limited the
rights of freedmen called black codes.
– African Americans could marry legally and own some
property.
– They forbade freedmen to vote, own guns, or serve on
juries.
– In some states, African Americans could work only as
servants or farm laborers. In others, they had to sign
contracts for a year’s work.
Jim Crow Laws
• In former Confederate states
• Like Black Codes, Jim Crow laws were
passed by southern legislatures intended
to discriminate against African Americans
• These laws created legal segregation
– Like separate schools, water fountains etc…
What does this sign
imply?
Stopping someone from voting
The Civil War Amendments
•
•
•
•
13th Amendment:
Bans slavery throughout the United States.
14th Amendment:
Grants citizenship to all persons born in the United States.
Guarantees citizens equal protection of the laws. No state
can deprive any person of life, liberty, or property with
due process of law.
• 15th Amendment:
Forbids any state to deny any citizens the right to vote
because of race.
Southerners who Resisted
Reconstruction
• People who resisted Reconstruction were called
“Conservatives”
• A few wealthy planters tried to force African Americans
back onto plantations.
• Some secret societies were formed, like the Ku Klux Klan
(KKK).
– They conducted a campaign of terror and violence to keep African
Americans and white Republicans out of office.
THE EFFECT OF
RECONSTRUCTION
1. Was started to rebuild the south without slavery
2. Created bitterness and hatred, causing Black Codes
and the KKK to emerge
3. In 1876, Rutherford B. Hayes was elected president
ending Reconstruction and pulling all remaining troops
out of the south.
4. This allowed the south to continue persecuting African
Americans for years to come
5. Plessy v. Ferguson ruled that segregation was legal,
allowing separate facilities for blacks and whites
6. South depended less on agriculture and more on
industry
SUMMARIZE
DISCUSSION QUESTION
• Why do you think so many African
Americans stayed in the south even
though they were treated so badly after
the Civil War?