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Civil War
Chapter 11
Anaconda Plan
 3 Part Union
(Northern) Strategy to
win
 Blockade Southern
Ports
 Split the Confederacy
in two at Mississippi
 Capture the
Confederate capital at
Richmond, VA
Fort Sumter: First shots of the Civil
War fired at Charleston Harbor
South’s Plan
Bull Run
 First battle of the war
 25 miles outside
Washington, DC.
 Won by Confederate
(SOUTH) General
Stonewall Jackson
 “Stood as a stone wall
in battle”
Soldier’s Life
Field Hospital
George McClellan
 Led the Union Army
 Made many fatal
errors
 Lincoln fired him after
Antietam in 1863
Ulysses S. Grant
 Replaced McClellan
 Led the Union forces
throughout the
remainder of the Civil
War
 Favored “Total War”
Shiloh
 Union Victory
 Tennessee
 Confederate troops
surprised Union
troops at dawn
 Shiloh taught both
sides to prepare,
scout and dig
trenches for
protection
Video available
The War at Sea
 Monitor: North’s
Ironclad Ship
 Splinter wooden ships,
resist burning
 Merrimack
 1862 engaged the
Monitor: battle was a
draw
 End of wooden
warships
The Union Navy
Robert E. Lee
 Confederate
Commander
 Opposed to
secession
 Loyal to Virginia
 Brilliant Leader
Antietam
 Bloodiest single day
battle of Civil War
 26,000 casualties
 Standoff, South
retreated to Virginia
Emancipation Proclamation
 Pres. Lincoln freed
slaves in the
Confederacy
 Did NOT apply to
areas under Union
control
Life during the Civil war
 Writ of Habeas
Corpus suspended
 13,000 Confederate
Sympathizers jailed
 Copperheads:
Northerners who
wanted peace with
the South
 Many were jailed
 Women’s roles
Life in the South
Conscription
 Drafting of civilians to serve in army
 “Rich Man’s War”
 Could pay for someone to replace you in
army
 Planters with 20 or more slaves did not
have to serve
Lincoln’s View on Slavery
 Disliked slavery
 Fed gov’t did not have the power to end
slavery where it existed
 MAIN OBJECTIVE
SAVE THE UNION!!
 Wanted free blacks to stay in the South
because they would take northern jobs
African Americans
 10% of Union Army
 High death rate
 Slave resistance
 Sabotage
 Breaking plows
 Whites afraid of slave
revolts
 54th Massachusetts
 Battle Battery Wagner
 Fought with valor and
courage
 1st into battle
Regions




SOUTH
Lack of manpower
Union occupation
Loss of slaves




NORTH
Economic Growth
Making weapons
Manufacturing
 Income Tax: first tax
needed to pay for the
war
Clara Barton
 Union Nurse
 “Angel of the
Battlefield”
 Red Cross
Andersonville
 Worst Confederate
Prison
 33,000 Union soldiers
held in Georgia on 26
acres
 No shelter, drank from
stream that was also
sewer
 1/3 died
Gettysburg!
 1863: Lee invades the
North
 Fights the Army of the
Potomac
 TURNING POINT: South
would never again invade
the North
Gettysburg Address
 Cemetery Dedication:
Lincoln’s most
famous speech
Chancellorsville
 Lee out fought Union
forces and the Union
retreated
 Stonewall Jackson
shot by “friendly fire”
 Died of pneumonia
Sherman’s March
 Total War
 Union destroyed the
South: Military and
Civilians
 Burned Atlanta
 Marched North
toward Richmond, VA
Destruction in the South
Vicksburg
 TURNING POINT!
 Grant outflanked city
for 6 weeks
 Cut off Confederate
supplies
Appomattox Court House
 End of war: Richmond
evacuated
 Lee’s trapped army
surrenders to Gen.
Grant
End of the War
John Wilkes Booth
 Kills Pres. Lincoln five days after the war
ended
 Ford’s Theater
 Shot while fleeing Virginia
 Lincoln: first president to be assassinated
A Nation Mourns
13th Amendment
 Freed the slaves and
began Reconstruction