Download PowerPoint Notes from 2014 - John Brown, Election of 1860, and

John Brown’s Raid:
• In 1859, John Brown
and his followers seized
a federal arsenal in
Harpers Ferry,
Virginia.
What is an arsenal?
John Brown in August,
1859.
Engine house at Harpers Ferry; aka John Brown’s Fort
Inside the engine house at Harper’s Ferry
Interior view of the engine house at Harpers Ferry during
the siege.
• Brown was caught and sentenced to death by hanging.
Brown as a wounded prisoner after his capture.
Brown being carried from court to prison.
Last Moments of
John Brown
(painting by Thomas
Hovenden)
Do you think the
artist was from the
North or the South?
Why?
John Brown painting at Harper's Ferry
"Now, if it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life
for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and mingle my
blood further with the blood of millions in this slave country
whose rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust
enactments, I say, let it be done."
--John Brown, statement at his sentencing on Nov. 2, 1859
The hanging of John Brown.
"[John Brown is] that
new saint, than whom
none purer or more brave
was ever led by love of
men into conflict and
death,--the new saint
awaiting his martyrdom,
and who, if he shall suffer,
will make the gallows
glorious like the cross."
--Ralph Waldo Emerson,
from his lecture
"Courage," delivered in
Boston on Nov. 8, 1859
HERO
or
VILLAIN
“A house divided against itself
cannot stand.”
Emergence of Abraham Lincoln
Republican Party – (new party) political
party formed united under the belief that
“no man can own another man...that slavery
must be prohibited in the territories…that
all new states must be free states…that the
rights of our colored citizens…must be
protected.”
Lincoln- Douglas Debates:
1858
• Lincoln – the challenger
–
–
–
decries “Southern plot” to extend slavery
promises to work for slavery’s extinction
casts slavery as a moral problem, not just political
• Douglas – the incumbent (already a senator)
– accuses Lincoln of favoring equality
• Lincoln loses election, gains national reputation
“THE FIGHT MUST GO ON.”
Election of 1860:
Main Candidates
Abraham
Lincoln
(Republican)
John
Breckinridge
(Southern
Democrat)
Stephen
Douglas
(Northern
Democrat)
John Bell
(Constitutional
Union)
* Lincoln won the election.
Election Results
• Lincoln wins with just 40% of the votes
• 10 southern states did not put his name on the
ballot
• The South realizes that they have no power left in
the government and that ending slavery would be
a goal of the new president. Possibility of
secession.
• A Senate committee was formed to work out a
compromise and save the Union
Lincoln’s View on Slavery
December 20, 1860 Interview with Lincoln
• Promised not to interfere with slavery in the
South.
• He would support the enforcement of the
Fugitive Slave Law.
• Under no circumstance would he allow
slavery to spread into the new territories.
Secession:
• In response to Lincoln’s victory, the southern states seceded
from the Union, (the same day as his interview) forming the
Confederate States of America (or the Confederacy).
Original Confederate flag
Eventual Confederate flag
• Jefferson Davis was
named the President
of the Confederacy.
Lincoln’s Inaugural Address
“In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow
countrymen, and not mine, are eth
momentous issues of civil war. The
Government will not assail (attack) you.
You can have no conflict without being
yourselves the aggressors…We are not
enemies, but friends. We must not be
enemies. Though passion may have
strained, it must not break our bonds of
affection.”
• Fort Sumter,
South Carolina,
was important
because it
guarded
Charleston
harbor. The US
(Union Army)
still had troops in
this fort.
•Why do you
think the
Confederacy
attacked the fort?
Fort Sumter
* The Civil War had now begun!
Pvt. Edmund Ruffin,
Confederate soldier who fired
the first shot against Fort
Sumter
Maj. Robert Anderson, defender of
Fort Sumter
Bombardment of Fort Sumter, Charleston Harbor
12 and 13, 1861
April
Fort Sumter, S.C., April 14, 1861, under the Confederate flag.
Reaction to Fort Sumter
Lincoln’s Response -75,000 Volunteers and a
blockade of all Southern ports
Both sides prepare for war
Civil War: Union v. Confederacy