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Strategic Planning and Organizational
Development for Health Care (HS 450)
Week 2-Culture and Diversity in Healthcare
Arturo E. Rodriguez, PhD(c), MPH
[email protected]
Unit 1 discussion board review

In what ways will the healthcare industry need to change its managerial
practices to remain productive?
 Restructure into integrated delivery networks (example Kaiser
Permanente)
 Increased productivity with less revenue and increased competition
 Movement towards team-managed environments (committees)
Unit 1 discussion board review

Which of the academic disciplines associated with organizational behavior are
the most important for healthcare managers? Why?
 Organizational Theory
 Organizational Development
 Human Resources Management
 Psychology
 Sociology
 Social Psychology
 Anthropology
 Why-Whatever reason you give is fine!!!
Unit 1 discussion board review

Does the Hawthorne effect exist today in modern healthcare organizations?
(Give an example.)
 Yes….it exists everywhere!! The Hawthorne effect is the act of modifying
your behavior in response simply to being watched, and not by any
experimental condition. Employees modify their behavior (sit up straight,
begin typing, staple papers, etc.) whenever the boss walks in or is around.
 Do you ever slow down at the sight of a cop…even if you are not
speeding? Have you ever told your doctor that you exercise 30 minutes a
day when you really exercise 30 minutes a week (I’M GUILTY OF
THAT)
 Turnitin-Universities are banking on the fact that students will modify
their behavior because they are aware that they are being watched.
What is Diversity?
Diversity is defined as “the full range of human
similarities and differences in group affiliation including
gender, race/ethnicity, social class, role within an
organization, age, religion, sexual orientation, physical
ability, and other group identities.”
(Dreachslin, 1998)
Changing U.S. Demographics

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Ethnic and racial composition of America
Aging of the population
Gender and education levels by age groups
What is Cultural Competency?
A set of congruent behaviors, attitudes and policies that
come together in a system, agency or among
professionals that enables effective work in crosscultural situations.
‘Culture’ refers to integrated patterns of human
behavior that include the language, thoughts,
communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and
institutions of racial, ethnic, religious or social groups.
‘Competence’ implies having the capacity to function
effectively as an individual and an organization within
the context of the cultural beliefs, behaviors and needs
presented by consumers and their communities.
(HHS Office of Minority Health, 1999)
Implications for the
Healthcare Industry




Need to be “cultural competent” to serve diverse
patient populations
Increase need of healthcare services as the
population continues to age
Lack of younger and diverse workers entering
healthcare professions
Lack of women and other minorities in
healthcare leadership roles
Diversity Management
Diversity management is defined as “a strategically driven
process whose emphasis is on building skills and creating
policies that will address the changing demographics of
the workforce and patient population.”
(Svehla, 1994; Weech-Maldonado, et al. 2002).
What is an Attitude?
An attitude is a mind set or tendency to act in a
particular way due to both an individual’s
experience and temperament.
Tri-Component Model of Attitudes
Actions
Feelings
Beliefs
Cognitive Dissonance
Any inconsistency that a person perceives
between two or more of one’s attitudes or
between one’s behavior and attitudes.
How are Attitudes Formed?
Learned
Modeling
Experiences
Changing Attitudes


Address the cognitive and emotional
components
Provide new information
Changing someone’s attitudes takes time, effort
and determination!
Perception
Perception is the process by which individuals
interpret and organize sensation to produce a
meaningful experience of the world.
An individual’s perception is his/her reality!
Perception Process
Attribution Theory
Social Perception
How an individual “sees” others and how others
perceive an individual.
 Halo
effect
 Contrast effect
 Projection
 Stereotyping
 Pygmalion effect
 Impression management
Employee Selection
Identify key invariant qualities of individuals that match
up well with the demands of the position and the
culture of the organization.
 Skills
 Character
 Motivation
 Attitude
 Leadership
 Personality
potential