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Intro to Psychological Disorders CHAPTER 16 Why are we so interested in psychological disorders? Chances are, we have all been affected by a psych disorder in some way. 1 in 2 will develop one. Psychological disorders are found throughout every culture…EXCEPT NativeAmerican group of Pacific Northwest, One African Tribe. Most popular course in college. We find interest in the abnormal. Re. p. 619 Early Treatment of those with psychological disorders Many viewed those with psychological disorders as being demon possessed Mistreated and oftentimes locked up Seen as incurable. The Medical Model VIDEO- For the incurable The Medical Model changed society’s paradigm (viewpoint) on mental illness as a curable disease (just like a physical disease). ACTIVITY What is a Mental Illness ? Decide whether each of the following is a mental illness or not. How can we determine if someone has a psychological disorder? How can we define psychological disorder? – Unjustifiable (Irrational) – does not make sense to the average person. Ex.- Hearing voices that don’t exist (hallucinations) Ex.- Depressed people thinking “I’m worthless, nobody likes me”. Maladaptive (Dysfunctional) – harmful and/or disturbing to the individual A key factor in determining if there is a psychological disorder Ex. Agoraphobia (Benchwarmers). Ex. Alcoholism – – – Atypical (Deviant) – not statistically shared by many members of the population or culturally defined. Ex. Male wearing an earring 40 yrs ago. (era) Ex. Male wearing a kilt. Cannot be the only criterion … consider a genius and Olympic athlete. Disturbing (Distressful?) – Violation of social norms in a bizarre and disturbing manner. Ex. Zoophilia (sexual attraction to animals) Cannot be the only criterion … a person who does not bathe, one who invades personal space YOUTUBE- What is a psychological Disorder DSM-IV TR We need a method to classify psychological disorders – the DSM is the most used and accepted method American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edition DSM - IV – TR (Text Revision) – Revised in 2000. DSM – V is expected in 2013. DSM NOTE: the word “insane” is a legal term, not a medical term – means not held legally responsible for actions. DSM includes a set a diagnostic criteria as well as a description of the disorders and their prevalence The DSM does NOT include information about etiology (causes) Provides a common ground for mental health professionals to diagnose DSM IV-TR Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (aka Unipolar): 3 or more of the following symptoms for 4 or more weeks: (actual list longer) 5% weight gain or loss, feeling hopelessness/worthlessness insomnia/hypersomnia loss of interest in pleasurable activities. DSM IV and Borderline Personality Disorder What is Borderline Personality Disorder? – YouTube Girl Interrupted- A. Jolie Is this a disorder? What’s classified as a disorder has changed over time… – 1952-1973 – homosexuality was a mental disorder – Should ADHD or narcissism be a psychological disorder? Children who are distractible (have inattention), restless (hyperactivity), difficulty taking turns (impulsive) Is this a disorder or rambunctiousness? Labeling DEPRESSED MULTIPLE PERSONALITIES The Impact of Labeling those with Mental Disorders – Labels affect how we perceive one another. – Impact of self-fulfilling prophecy – Stereotypes, Stigmatism HW: Read “On Being Sane in Insane Places” – David Rosenhan INSANE Labeling and the David Rosenhan Study Experiment with pseudopatients (Confederates) asking to be voluntarily admitted into mental hospitals by saying their symptoms are that they are hearing voices saying “empty, hollow, thud”. Avg. stay was 19 days with a diagnosis of “schizophrenia in remission” Rosenhan Study One pseudo patient remained 45 days before being released. All received few or no visitors (stigma) In 2nd study he told staff that there would be pseudopatients coming and they had to try to guess who is real. Video-Rosenhan core study