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DSM
Psychological
Perspectives
Names
Thinking
Sensation and
Perception
Disorders
DSM
Psychological
Perspectives
Names
Thinking
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Sensation and
Perception
Disorders
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What does the DSM IV
TR stand for?
Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of
th
Mental Disorders 4
Edition, Text Revised
What does the DSM
provide?
Describes
disorders/symptoms;
Does NOT provide
causes
How many axes are
there in the DSM?
5
What does Axis II
ask?
Is there a personality
disorder or mental
retardation?
What does Axis III ask?
Is a general medical
condition (diabetes,
arthritis, etc.) present?
Dominated psychology
th
for much of the 20
century; Founded by
Freud
Psychoanalysis
Describes the effects of
social environments and
culture on the behavior
of others
Social-Cultural
Proposed by William
James; How does our
behavior and mental
processes enable us to
adapt, survive, and
flourish?
Functionalism
Name and describe the
perspective promoted
by Edward Tichener
Structuralism: the
mind could be
broken down into the
smallest elements of
experience
Theory of evolution and
natural selection
Charles Darwin
Began a movement to
improve conditions in
mental hospitals
Philippe Pinel
Identified six universal
facial expressions
Paul Ekman
Studied nonsense
words; Retention
curve (forgetting
curve)
Herman Ebbinghaus
A neo-Freudian that
said that much of our
behavior is an attempt
to overcome the
inferiority complex
Alfred Adler
A typical best
example
incorporating the
major features of a
concept
Prototype
Thinking of many
solutions to a problem
Divergent
thinking
A tendency to approach a
problem in a particular
way (often one that has
been successful in the
past)
Mental Set
A decision is based
on information that
is easily retrieved
from memory
Availability heuristic
What is
confirmation bias?
The tendency to focus on
information that supports
one’s preconceptions (and
ignore evidence that
disproves them)
Analysis that begins
with the raw materials
that enters through our
sense organs
Bottom-up processing
The smallest
possible stimulus
that can be
detected 50% of the
time
Absolute threshold
The ability to attend to
only one voice among
many; Yet, at the same
time, you can hear your
voice being called
Cocktail party
effect
Studying of relationship
between stimuli and
perception of those stimuli;
Developed by Gustav
Fechner; What Wudnt
studied as well
Psychophysics
What is signal
detection theory?
Analysis of sensory and decision
making processes in the
detection of faint, uncertain
stimuli; Predicts when we will
detect weak signals
Disorder characterized by
deficits in social relatedness
and communication skills
that is often accompanied by
repetitive, ritualistic
behavior
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Less severe version of
depression, however, longer
lasting
Dysthymia
A pattern of disregard for,
and violation of, the
rights of others; Typically
have no regard for right
or wrong
Antisocial personality
disorder
Involves flight from home
and the assumption of a
new identity with amnesia
for past identity and
events
Dissociative Fugue
Disorder in which
anxiety is
converted into
physical symptoms
Conversion Disorder
Converting
unacceptable impulses
into a more acceptable
form
Sublimation